Lecture 19

Question 1

Haemodynamic shock

Answer 1

Decrease in blood volume 
Decrease in venous return 
Hypotension 
Decrease in CO
cardiogenic shock

Question 2

Causes

Answer 2

Excessive vasodilation - distributive shock
Cardiogenic shock - pump failure - can’t empty
Mechanical - obstructive and ventricles can’t fill
Hypovalaemia - reduced blood volume - decreased venous return

Question 3

Mechanical shock

Answer 3

Cardiac tamponade

Massive pulmonary embolism

Question 4

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 4

Fluid fills pericardial space
Pericardium is fibrous and cant stretch therefore increased pressure on heart
Restricts filling which lowers EDV

Question 5

Common source of pulmonary embolism

Answer 5

DVT

Question 6

Hypovalaemic shock

Answer 6

Reduced blood volume commonly due to haemorrhage

Question 7

Factors effecting severity of hypovalaemia

Answer 7

How quickly blood lost

How much blood lost

Question 8

Hypovaleamia clinical presentation

Answer 8

Tachycardia 
Cold clammy extremities
Pale 
Weak pulse 
Low CVP

Question 9

Cardiac arrest

Answer 9

Unresponsive related to no pulse
Asystole
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

Question 10

Septic shock

Answer 10

Endotoxins released by circulating bacteria
Cause vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
Increase pd coagulation

Question 11

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 11

Histamine released from mast cells
Bronchconstriction
Vasodilation