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Immunology Exam 1 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is recirculation?

A

the ability of lymphocytes to repeatedly:
home to secondary lymphoid organs
reside there transiently
and return to the blood

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2
Q

What is leukocyte homing?

A

cell migration out of the blood and into peripheral tissues, or a site of infection or injury

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3
Q

recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins from the blood to sites of infection and tissue injury is a major part of _____

A

inflammation

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4
Q

What triggers inflammation?

A

recognition of microbes and dead tissues in innate immune response

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5
Q

A cascade of adhesive and activation events underlies the trafficking of all subsets of circulating lymphocytes which include:

A

tethering
rolling
adhesion and stop
transmigration in the tissue

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6
Q

How does tethering occur?

A

through transit interactions of selecting and intern within their ligands

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7
Q

What does rolling allow?

A

chemokine receptors on leukocytes to bind chemokine expressed on endothelium

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8
Q

endothelial cells in healthy tissues do not express what?

A

adhesion molecules

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9
Q

_____ provide a low affinity interaction with their ligands

A

selectins

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10
Q

only _____ endothelial cells express p-selectin and e-selectin

A

activated

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11
Q

Where is L selectin only expressed?

A

leukocyts and lymphocytes

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12
Q

L selectin is important for naive T and B lymphocytes for _____ into Las by interacting with _____

A

homing; HEV (high endothelial venules)

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13
Q

What is the L selectin ligands expressed on HEV called?

A

peripheral node addressins

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14
Q

What is the distribution of P selectin?

A

endothelium activated by histamine or thrombin

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15
Q

What is the ligand of P selectin?

A

Sialyl Lewis X on PSGL-1 and other glycoproteins; neutrophils; monocytes; T cells

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16
Q

What is the distribution of E selectin?

A

endothelium activated by cytokines

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17
Q

What is the ligand of E selectin?

A

Sialyl Lewis X on glycoproteins, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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18
Q

What is the distribution of L selectin?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells

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19
Q

What is the ligand of L selectin?

A

Sialyl Lewis X/ PNAd on GlyCAM-1 CD34, MADCAM-1 , others; endothelium (HEV)

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20
Q

Integrins provide _____ affinity interaction with their ligands

A

high

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21
Q

What is the definition of an integrin?

A

integrate signals triggered by extracellular ligands with cytoskeleton dependent motility, shape change and phagocytic responses

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22
Q

What do integrins do?

A

mediate adhesion of cells to other cells or to extracellular matrix via various specific ligands

23
Q

All leukocytes including B and T lymphocytes. monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils express what?

A

lymphocyte function associate antigen 1 or LFA-1

24
Q

What is the distribution of LFA-1?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, T cells and B cells

25
Q

what is the ligand of LFA-1?

A

ICAM-1 and ICAM-2; endothelium

26
Q

What is the distribution of Mac-1?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells

27
Q

What is the ligand of Mac-1?

A

ICAM-1 and ICAM-2; endothelium

28
Q

What is the distribution of VLA-4?

A

monocytes, T cells

29
Q

What is the ligand of VLA-4?

A

VCAM-1

30
Q

What is the distribution of a4B7 integrin?

A

monocytes, T cells, B cells

31
Q

What is the ligand of a4B7 integrin?

A

VCAM-1, MadCAM-1; endothelium in gut and gut associated lymphoid tissues

32
Q

How are integrins able to respond to intracellular signals?

A

by rapidly increasing their affinity

33
Q

Integrin activation occurs in all leukocytes in response to what?

A

chemokine binding to chemokine receptors

34
Q

What do chemokines do?

A

stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate the migration of leukocytes from blood to tissues

35
Q

How many cysteines in C chemokines?

A

Single cysteine

36
Q

What do the cysteines do in CC or B chemokines?

A

two defining cysteine residues are adjacent

37
Q

In CXC or alpha chemokines what are the cysteine residues doing?

A

separated by amino acids

38
Q

In CX3C chemokines what are the cysteine residues doing?

A

separated by three amino acids

39
Q

Do neutrophils and monocytes that Aris in the bone marrow and circulate the blood need to be activated?

A

no

40
Q

Dendritic cells bearing Ag enter the lymph node through ______ vessels

A

lymphatic

41
Q

L selectin is expressed by both ____ and ____ lymphocytes

A

B and T

42
Q

Where are HEV only present?

A

in secondary lymphoid organs

43
Q

CCL2 major function

A

Mixed leukocyte recruitment (monocytes)

44
Q

CCL5 major function

A

Mixed leukocyte recruitment

45
Q

CCL19 major function

A

T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lymph nodes

46
Q

CCL21 function

A

T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lymph nodes

47
Q

CXCL8 function

A

Neutrophil recruitment

48
Q

CXCL10 function

A

Effector T cell recruitment

49
Q

CXCL12 function

A

Homing naive B cells to LNs

50
Q

CXCL13 function

A

B cell migration into follicles; T follicular helper cell migration into follicles

51
Q

XCL1 function

A

T cell and NK cell recruitment

52
Q

CX3CL1 function

A

T cell, NK cell, and monocytes recruitment; CTL and NK cell activation

53
Q

CCL 1 function

A

Monocyte recruitment and endothelial cell migration

54
Q

CCL4 function

A

T cell, dendritic cell, monocyte and NK recruitment, HIV coreceptor

Immunology Exam 1 (5 decks)

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