Lecture 3 Flashcards
3 components of cell theory:
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms
- All cells come from preexisting cells
You need a (light/Electron/both) microscope to view most virus’s and proteins
electron
A frog egg can be viewed with a (light/Electron/both) microscope
light
Chloroplasts can be seen with (light/Electron/both)
both
Staining is done to:
highlight certain pathways and make cell areas more clearly visible.
Microscopes can/cannot produce video images
cannot
Microscopes can/cannot produce still images
can
Why don’t we have cells that are larger than 100µm?
A cell must exchange internal and external things, as size increases, volume scales x^3 while Surface area scales x^2. This means the bigger a cell gets, the less efficient movement in and out of the cell becomes. Simple diffusion also suffers.
Which is larger: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes
All cells (true/false)
All use DNA to store genetic information
All use RNA to transfer genetic information
All use proteins to carry out work of some kind
All use ribosomes to make proteins
True
True/false
Prokaryotes have cytoplasm, the fluid cell processes take place
true
True/false
Prokaryotes have cell membrane, the boundary between the cell and it’s environment
true
Prokaryotes include:
Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotes have numerous biochemical differences.
ye
3 domain system includes:
Domain _____
Domain _____
Domain _____
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
True/false
Prokaryotes and Archea include a nucleus
false
True/false
Prokaryotes and Archea include membrane bound organelles
false
Which domains have membranes that are built by fatty acids?
Domain bacteria and Domain Eukarya, archaea include non fatty acid lipids
Domain eukarya cell wall chemistry is built of
cellulose (if present)
Bacteria cell wall chemistry is built of
Peptidoglycan (if present)
Archaea cell wall chemistry is built of
Pseudo-peptidoglycan or proteins
Eukaryotes are more/less diverse than prokaryotes in function
more
The plasma membrane is composed of:
a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group between a phospholipid molecule and the glycerol backbone.
The glycerol backbone connects the the hydrophilic portion to the hydrophobic tails (2 tails)
The difference between an animal and plant cell membrane is:
the cell plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer) is surrounded by a rigid cell wall.
The nucleus stores ___
DNA
Nuclear pores:
allow movement of molecules to and from cytoplasm
______ is the site of ribosome assembly
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum has two portions, which include:
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Smooth ER:
site of protein modification, glycogen and lipid synthesis, chemical detoxification
Rough ER:
Large foldings with ribosomes on cytoplasmic surface
The golgi interacts with the (smooth/rough) ER
Rough
The golgi:
Receives, modifies, and packages proteins from RER
Lysosomes:
Membrane vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
Membrane vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
Lysosomes:
Receives, modifies, and packages proteins from RER
The golgi:
Mitochondria
Site of the chemical reactions of cellular respiration that supply most of the cellular energy
The mitochondria have __ membranes that creates __ different spaces for molecules to interaction
2
3
The mitochondria has 3 spaces which include:
Matrix (inside)
Intermembrane space (middle)
Cytoplasm (outside)
The four main functions of the cytoskeleton are:
Support
Transport
Connection
Movement
3 main types of cell junctions:
________: provide stability
______: make water tight seals
(communicating)
_______: are spaces within proteins connecting two membranes providing for a continuous cytoplasm
Anchoring:
Adherins: provide stability
Tight junctions: make water tight seals
Communicating
Gap junctions: are spaces within proteins connecting two membranes providing for a continuous cytoplasm
Tight junctions and adherins are mainly for _________ while gap junctions are for _______
Anchoring or joining junctions
Communicating junctions allow the flow of ions
