Lecture 2 Flashcards
The 4 macromolecules include
Proteins
Neucleic acids: DNA
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Dehydration removes/adds an ____ to bond/cleave a polymer
removes
H2O
bond
Hydrolysis makes polymers bigger/smaller
smaller
dehydration makes polymers bigger/smaller
smaller
Proteins are built from _____ _____
amino acids
Proteins r groups are either _____ or ______
Hydrophilic
hydrophobic
_____ structure: carbon skeleton/amino acid order
primary
_____ structure: Hydrogen bonds between back bones of various amino acids
Secondary
_____ structure: uses R-groups (covalent/ionic/hydro bonds) includes disulfide bonds
Tert
_____ structure: interactions of polypeptide chains
Quat
Alpha refers to a structure in which
you have a helix
Beta pleated sheet refers to a structure where
backbone formation, creates a sheet with alternating folds (150 degree bends alternating directions)
1: Skeleton
2: Alpha/beta: hydrogen interactions
3: R-groups
4: Poly-Poly
ye
Structure of a triglyceride:
Three fatty acids connected to a glycerol backbone
Function:
Triglycerides
Energy storage
Function:
Phospholipids
Cell membrane
Function:
Steroids
hormones
Function:
Carotenoids
Pigments, vitamins
Cellulose is found in:
plants
Starch is found in:
root veggies
Glycogen is found in:
animals (human livers)
Starch and glycogen are polymers of _____
glucose
you can/cannot use starch/glycogen enzymes to digst cellulose.
cannot
Cellulose is usually located:
in the cell walls of plants
DNA moves __ to __
5->3
A binds to
T, U
G binds to
C
The components of a nucleotide are:
A phosphate connected to a nucleotide on the opposite of a base also attached to the nucleotide
