Lecture 3 Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A

Mare makes antibodies to the foal’s RBCs and those antibodies are ingested with the colostrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The mare’s antibodies attach the foal’s RBCs and cause extravascular and intravascular hemolysis. What type of hypersensitivity is this?

A

Type II hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Donkeys have a specific ____ ____ present on their RBCs that is not expressed in horses.

A

Donkey factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

With neonatal isoerythrolysis, the onset of clinical signs ranges between ___ and ___ hours.

A

8 and 96 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A
  1. Weakness
  2. Lethargy
  3. Icterus
  4. Hemoglobinuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 2 clinicopathologic abnormalities would you expect with neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A
  1. Anemia

2. Increased bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the equation used to determine the liters of blood used in a blood transfusion to treat neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A

[PCV(desired) - PCV(patient)] / PCV(donor) x BW x 0.08

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is major cross-matching?

A

Recipient plasma is tested against donor RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is minor cross-matching?

A

Recipient RBCs are tested against donor plasma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

For which antibodies should the mare be tested late in gestation?

A
  1. Aa
  2. Qa
  3. Ca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Jaundice Foal Agglutination Test?

A

A stall-side test to determine if the mare’s colostrum reacts with the foal’s RBCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of cross-matching is the Jaundice Foal Agglutination Test?

A

Minor cross-matching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With a ventral septal defect, where would you hear the heart murmur?

A

Right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is choanal atresia?

A

No communication between the nasal cavity and pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 clinical signs associated with choanal atresia?

A
  1. Respiratory distress

2. Open-mouth breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With lethal white foal syndrome, when would a foal typically start showing signs of colic?

A

24-36 hours after birth

17
Q

What is lethal white foal syndrome?

A

An aganglionosis characterized by lack of submucosal and myenteric ganglia in the distal small intestine and large intestine.

18
Q

Lethal white foal syndrome is associated with a mutation in what gene?

A

Endothelin B receptor gene

19
Q

True or False: Guttural pouch tympany is painful.

20
Q

Severe swelling associated with guttural pouch tympany typically does not affect the health of a foal; however, ____, ____, and ____ have been documented.

A
  1. Dyspnea
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Aspiration pneumonia
21
Q

How would one treat guttural pouch tympany?

A

Surgical correction - create a fenestration of the median septum to allow air to flow to the normal side.

22
Q

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is a(n) ____ ____ trait affecting ____ horses.

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is an AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE trait affecting ARABIAN horses.

23
Q

Arabian foals affected by SCID are unable to produce which type(s) of cells?

A
  1. T lymphocytes

2. B lymphocytes

24
Q

True or False: Foals with SCID appear normal at birth.

25
Foals appear normal at birth because they acquire passive immunity from maternal antibodies within colostrum. This passive immunity begins to wane at what age?
3-5 months of age
26
True or False: SCID is fatal.
TRUE
27
What abnormality would you find on CBC from a SCID foal?
Lymphopenia (>1000 cells/uL)
28
What would be 2 findings on post-mortem exam of a SCID foal?
1. Small lymph nodes | 2. Lack of germinal centers within spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus