Lecture 3

Question 1

What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 1

Mare makes antibodies to the foal’s RBCs and those antibodies are ingested with the colostrum.

Question 2

The mare’s antibodies attach the foal’s RBCs and cause extravascular and intravascular hemolysis. What type of hypersensitivity is this?

Answer 2

Type II hypersensitivity

Question 3

Donkeys have a specific ____ ____ present on their RBCs that is not expressed in horses.

Answer 3

Donkey factor

Question 4

With neonatal isoerythrolysis, the onset of clinical signs ranges between ___ and ___ hours.

Answer 4

8 and 96 hours

Question 5

What are 4 clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 5

1. Weakness
2. Lethargy
3. Icterus
4. Hemoglobinuria

Question 6

What 2 clinicopathologic abnormalities would you expect with neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 6

1. Anemia

2. Increased bilirubin

Question 7

What is the equation used to determine the liters of blood used in a blood transfusion to treat neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 7

[PCV(desired) - PCV(patient)] / PCV(donor) x BW x 0.08

Question 8

What is major cross-matching?

Answer 8

Recipient plasma is tested against donor RBCs

Question 9

What is minor cross-matching?

Answer 9

Recipient RBCs are tested against donor plasma.

Question 10

For which antibodies should the mare be tested late in gestation?

Answer 10

1. Aa
2. Qa
3. Ca

Question 11

What is the Jaundice Foal Agglutination Test?

Answer 11

A stall-side test to determine if the mare’s colostrum reacts with the foal’s RBCs.

Question 12

What type of cross-matching is the Jaundice Foal Agglutination Test?

Answer 12

Minor cross-matching

Question 13

With a ventral septal defect, where would you hear the heart murmur?

Answer 13

Right side

Question 14

What is choanal atresia?

Answer 14

No communication between the nasal cavity and pharynx

Question 15

What are 2 clinical signs associated with choanal atresia?

Answer 15

1. Respiratory distress

2. Open-mouth breathing

Question 16

With lethal white foal syndrome, when would a foal typically start showing signs of colic?

Answer 16

24-36 hours after birth

Question 17

What is lethal white foal syndrome?

Answer 17

An aganglionosis characterized by lack of submucosal and myenteric ganglia in the distal small intestine and large intestine.

Question 18

Lethal white foal syndrome is associated with a mutation in what gene?

Answer 18

Endothelin B receptor gene

Question 19

True or False: Guttural pouch tympany is painful.

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

Severe swelling associated with guttural pouch tympany typically does not affect the health of a foal; however, ____, ____, and ____ have been documented.

Answer 20

1. Dyspnea
2. Dysphagia
3. Aspiration pneumonia

Question 21

How would one treat guttural pouch tympany?

Answer 21

Surgical correction - create a fenestration of the median septum to allow air to flow to the normal side.

Question 22

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is a(n) ____ ____ trait affecting ____ horses.

Answer 22

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is an AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE trait affecting ARABIAN horses.

Question 23

Arabian foals affected by SCID are unable to produce which type(s) of cells?

Answer 23

1. T lymphocytes

2. B lymphocytes

Question 24

True or False: Foals with SCID appear normal at birth.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Foals appear normal at birth because they acquire passive immunity from maternal antibodies within colostrum. This passive immunity begins to wane at what age?

Answer 25

3-5 months of age

Question 26

True or False: SCID is fatal.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

What abnormality would you find on CBC from a SCID foal?

Answer 27

Lymphopenia (>1000 cells/uL)

Question 28

What would be 2 findings on post-mortem exam of a SCID foal?

Answer 28

1. Small lymph nodes

2. Lack of germinal centers within spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus