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Equine Medicine > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does SIRS stand for?

A

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

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2
Q

What are the 4 criteria of SIRS?

A
  1. Tachypnea
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Hypothermia/hyperthermia
  4. Leukocytosis, leukopenia
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3
Q

True or False: A negative blood culture rules-out sepsis.

A

FALSE

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4
Q

What is the following: sepsis associated with organ dysfunction and manifestation of hypoperfusion or hypotension?

A

Severe sepsis

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5
Q

What is the following: severe sepsis with hypotension refractory to volume expansion?

A

Septic shock

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6
Q

What would you find on a CBC associated with septicemia?

A
  1. Leukopenia
  2. Netropenia
  3. Increased bands
  4. Hypoglycemia
  5. Hyperlactatemia
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7
Q

What would you find on a biochemistry profile associated with septicemia?

A
  1. Hypoglycemia
  2. Azotemia
  3. Acidosis
  4. Hyponatremia
  5. Hypochlormemia
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8
Q

What is the most common bacterial isolate from a septicemia in a foal?

A

E. coli

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9
Q

What is the prognosis of septic arthritis when treated early?

A

Fair to good

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10
Q

In the foal, where does the bladder typically tear for a rupture?

A

Dorsal aspect

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with a ruptured bladder?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Depression
  3. Abdominal distention
  4. Tachypnea
  5. Dysuria/stranguria
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12
Q

What would you expect on CBC and chem with a ruptured bladder?

A
  1. High K
  2. Low Na
  3. Low Cl
  4. Stress leukogram
  5. Metabolic acidosis
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13
Q

When comparing creatinine levels in the abdominal fluid verses systemic circulation, a ratio greater than what is suggestive of uroperitoneum?

A

2:1

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14
Q

With a ruptured bladder, what is the most life-threatening electrolyte derangement?

A

Hyperkalemia

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15
Q

What is the range of potassium with a ruptured bladder?

A

4-10 mEq/L

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16
Q

What is the normal range of potassium in a healthy foal?

A

2.5-4 mEq/L

17
Q

What 4 findings would be associated with hyperkalemia due to a ruptured bladder on ECG?

A
  1. Widened P waves
  2. Widened QRS complexes
  3. Spiked T waves
  4. Bradycardia
18
Q

What are the 4 treatment methods for hyperkalemia associated with a ruptured bladder?

A
  1. IV dextrose
  2. IV NaCl
  3. IV sodium bicarbonate
  4. IV insulin
  5. Diuretics (furosemide)
19
Q

The urachus drains the ____ to the ___ sac in utero.

A

The urachus drains the BLADDER to the ATLANTOCHORIONIC sac in utero.

20
Q

Clinical signs associated with a ruptured urachus can occur in foals greater than how old?

A

2-3 days of age

21
Q

What are your treatment options for a patent urachus?

A
  1. Frequent (2-4x/day) chemical cauterization with iodine or chlorhexadine solution
  2. Antimicrobials
  3. Surgical excision

Equine Medicine (9 decks)

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