Lecture 3 Flashcards
What is processes?
The activities occurring within the memory system
What is architecture?
The way in which the memory system is organised
What is the original multi-store model of memory?
Sensory store—-short term store—-long term store
What is sensory store?
Holds information in its original sensory modality
Has large capacity
What is ST STORE
Limited capacity
Storage fragile
What is LT STORE?
Unlimited capacity
Holds info for long period
What are some criticisms of the original multi store model?
All compartments are not unitary
STM is not gateway to LTM e.g. Impairment of STM does not necessarily lead to problem with LTM
What is the Baddley and Hitch model?
Replaced concept of ST store with working memory
What are the 4 parts of working memory model?
Central executive, phonological loop, episodic buffer, Visvo spatial sketch pad
What is the central executive?
Resembles attention, deals with any cognitively demanding task, modality free
What is the phonological loop?
Holds information in speech based form
What is the Visvo spatial sketch pad?
Specialised for spatial and visual coding and manipulation
What is the significance of Conrad?
Conrad tested immediate recall of visually presented letters
Conclusion was that STM uses a phonological code even for visually presented stimuli.
What was Baddley’s 1966 experiment on phonological similarity effect?
Immediate recall of visually presented words harder to remember with similar list than dissimilar list
Suggests we use speech based rehearsal processes within the phonological loop
What does concurrent articulation do to the phonological similarity effect?
Concurrent articulation abolishes the phonological similarity effect for visually presented lists.
What is the word length effect?
Memory span is lower for words taking a long time to say.
Articulatory suppression or concurrent articulation
E.g. Saying blah blah blah
Refreshes decaying memory trace
Eliminates phonological similarity effect for visually presented stimuli but not auditorily
Why doesn’t Articulatory suppression eliminate the phonological effect for auditory?
Auditory presentation recorded directly into phonological store
Visually presented stimuli are recoded into phonological form by subvocalisation
What is the phonological loop system
Auditory word presentation goes into phonological store
Articulatory control process has indirect access to phonological store for visual input through rehearsal
What is the phonological loop for?
Temporary storage and manipulation of phonological information
Involved in learning new word forms
May be involved in reading
What is Norman and Shallice’s view of attentional control
Schemas are series of co-ordinate action sequences that are triggered by cues in the environment
What is Norman and Shallice’s view of contention scheduling
Priorities several action schemes on the basis of strength of schema
What is Norman and Shallice’s view of supervisory attention system?
Fully conscious control
Flexibly controls selection of action schemas according to goal of the task
Involved in situations wheee routine control is insufficient eg stroop effect
What are the 4 executive processes?
Ability to focus, ability to divide attention, ability to switch attention, ability to relate the content of working memory to long-term memory
