Lecture 3

Question 0

What is processes?

Answer 0

The activities occurring within the memory system

Question 1

What is architecture?

Answer 1

The way in which the memory system is organised

Question 2

What is the original multi-store model of memory?

Answer 2

Sensory store—-short term store—-long term store

Question 3

What is sensory store?

Answer 3

Holds information in its original sensory modality

Has large capacity

Question 4

What is ST STORE

Answer 4

Limited capacity

Storage fragile

Question 5

What is LT STORE?

Answer 5

Unlimited capacity

Holds info for long period

Question 6

What are some criticisms of the original multi store model?

Answer 6

All compartments are not unitary

STM is not gateway to LTM e.g. Impairment of STM does not necessarily lead to problem with LTM

Question 7

What is the Baddley and Hitch model?

Answer 7

Replaced concept of ST store with working memory

Question 8

What are the 4 parts of working memory model?

Answer 8

Central executive, phonological loop, episodic buffer, Visvo spatial sketch pad

Question 9

What is the central executive?

Answer 9

Resembles attention, deals with any cognitively demanding task, modality free

Question 10

What is the phonological loop?

Answer 10

Holds information in speech based form

Question 11

What is the Visvo spatial sketch pad?

Answer 11

Specialised for spatial and visual coding and manipulation

Question 12

What is the significance of Conrad?

Answer 12

Conrad tested immediate recall of visually presented letters

Conclusion was that STM uses a phonological code even for visually presented stimuli.

Question 13

What was Baddley’s 1966 experiment on phonological similarity effect?

Answer 13

Immediate recall of visually presented words harder to remember with similar list than dissimilar list

Suggests we use speech based rehearsal processes within the phonological loop

Question 14

What does concurrent articulation do to the phonological similarity effect?

Answer 14

Concurrent articulation abolishes the phonological similarity effect for visually presented lists.

Question 15

What is the word length effect?

Answer 15

Memory span is lower for words taking a long time to say.

Question 16

Articulatory suppression or concurrent articulation

Answer 16

E.g. Saying blah blah blah
Refreshes decaying memory trace
Eliminates phonological similarity effect for visually presented stimuli but not auditorily

Question 17

Why doesn’t Articulatory suppression eliminate the phonological effect for auditory?

Answer 17

Auditory presentation recorded directly into phonological store

Visually presented stimuli are recoded into phonological form by subvocalisation

Question 18

What is the phonological loop system

Answer 18

Auditory word presentation goes into phonological store

Articulatory control process has indirect access to phonological store for visual input through rehearsal

Question 19

What is the phonological loop for?

Answer 19

Temporary storage and manipulation of phonological information

Involved in learning new word forms

May be involved in reading

Question 20

What is Norman and Shallice’s view of attentional control

Answer 20

Schemas are series of co-ordinate action sequences that are triggered by cues in the environment

Question 21

What is Norman and Shallice’s view of contention scheduling

Answer 21

Priorities several action schemes on the basis of strength of schema

Question 22

What is Norman and Shallice’s view of supervisory attention system?

Answer 22

Fully conscious control
Flexibly controls selection of action schemas according to goal of the task
Involved in situations wheee routine control is insufficient eg stroop effect

Question 23

What are the 4 executive processes?

Answer 23

Ability to focus, ability to divide attention, ability to switch attention, ability to relate the content of working memory to long-term memory