Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are macromolecules? What are the 4 types?
Large molecules that are built from smaller molecules.
Carbs, proteins, lipids (fat molecules), and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules are often complex in nature but really are just_____?
Polymers _ long molecules made up of similar building blocks of smaller molecules.
How are most polymers broken down? Which polymers are they?
Thru hydrolysis.
Carbs, proteins and nucleic acids
How are lipids broken down?
By lypolysis.
Catabolic vs. Anabolic
Catabolic enzymes break down morecutes. Mostly active during digestion
Anabolic build more complex molecules from their substrates
What are the catabolic enzymes?
APLT
Amylase - digestion carbs in the mouth + small int.
Pepsin- digestion of proteins in the stomach
Lipase - Emulsify fat in the small int.
Trypsin - further digestions of proteins in the small int.
T/F: If you have an enzyme deficiency, you can just take synthetic one.
Most enzymes are broken down by the stomach, so they can’t be taken.
Lactose, however, can’t be broken down by the stomach making it permissible to take the pills.
What’s the function of hormones?
Growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.
Which hormones are not considered protein? What are they?
Est. and test. These are lipid steroids.
Lipids are the ___, _____, and _____ and other similar compounds in our bodies
Fats, oils, and waxes
Lipids are mainly made up of?
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen but in very different ratios than carbs.
Why can’t lipids dissolve in water on blood? How are they then transported?
Cuz they’re non-polar and blood is made up of 90% water.
They’re transported via lipoproteins.
What happens when lipid enters the blood?
Can cause a pulmonary embolism; causes blockage in your lungs.
What are lipoproteins
Proteins that bind to lipids and allow it to become water soluble.
What are lipids mostly used for?
Energy storage and structure
What are the 3 main types of lipids?
Fats, phospholipids and steroids
Tats are constructed from?
A single glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids.
what are enzymes?
proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions (speed up rate of reactions, without them life could cease)
