Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthodontics II > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

During the mixed dentition stage the, “Golden Stage of Dentition”, both skeletal and dental structures change:

A

concurrently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For a child with all developmental spaces, the predication goes towards what?

A

A well aligned permanent dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What will result with increased or decreased developmental spacing in the primary dentition?

A

any disturbance in these spaces can potentially alter the permanent spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does space analysis quantify?

A

the amount of needed space (crowding/spacing) within the arches estimating the severity of space discrepancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does space analysis estimate?

A

the severity of space discrepancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Space analysis requires a COMPARISON between what two things?

A
  1. the amount of space AVAILABLE for the alignment of teeth
  2. The amount of space REQUIRED to align them adequately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 results of space available AND space required comparison?

A
  1. excess
  2. OK (enough space)
  3. Deficiency (crowding)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Upon the space analysis, if the result states their will be a deficiency, this means:

A

Crowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 groups is space deficiency (crowding) divided into?

A
  1. mild
    2 moderate
  2. severe

(there are not such categories for excess spacing. Each case will be assessed based on their etiology and other factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is more common- lack or space or excess space in an arch?

A

Lack of space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is SPACED DENTITION characterized by?

A

Interdental spaces and the lack of contact points between the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Spacing is a common esthetic problem for many patients

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is spacing in BOTH arches more common in boys or girls?

A

BOYZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spacing can be ____ or ___ due to the number of teeth included

A

Localized or generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is it determined if spacing is localized or generalized?

A

number of teeth involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The causes of GENERALIZED spacing may be:

A
  1. hereditary
  2. acquired
  3. functional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HEREDITARY causes of generalized spacing include:

A
  1. Tooth size-arch size discrepancies
  2. protrusive teeth
  3. congenitally missing teeth
  4. macroglossia
  5. supernumerary teeth
  6. small teeth
  7. hypertrophic frenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ACQUIRED causes of generalized spacing include:

A
  1. pathologic conditions increasing tongue size
  2. missing teeth
  3. delayed eruption of permanent teeth
  4. periodontal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FUNCTIONAL causes of generalized spacing include:

A

oral habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What plays an important role in the management of spaced dentition, often in the cooperation with other dental departments like oral surgery, periodontics, esthetic dentistry, and prosthodontics?

A

orthodontics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

For orthodontists to achieve the most esthetic and functional result, they must carefully evaluate:

A

etiologic factors- why the issue arises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What may be useful in the treatment planning process and when informing the patient?

A

diagnostic set-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why should we correct SPACING?

Because it can result in:

A
  1. gum problems due to the lack of protection by the teeth
  2. prevent proper functioning of the teeth
  3. make smile less attractive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 TREATMENT OPTIONS to treat SPACING?

A
  1. esthetic intervention using composite resin, veneers, or crowns
  2. orthodontics space closure
  3. closure of anterior spaces an opening posterior spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: In order to resolve spacing in the anterior, spaces in the posterior may be opened as a treatment

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

After orthodontics treatment, it is frequently. necessary to apply _____ , as these cases have a high risk of relapse

A

fixed retention

27
Q

What is a diastema?

A

space (or gap) between the maxillary central incisors

28
Q

T/F: A diastemia can be a normal growth characteristic during primary and mixed dentition

A

true

29
Q

What race/ethnicity are diastema more prevalent in?

A

AA: 19%
Caucasians: 8%

30
Q

What may be causing diastema?

A
  1. tooth size discrepancy
  2. missing teeth
  3. oversized labial frenum
  4. overjet
  5. protrusion of teeth
31
Q

What are the TREATMENT options for diastema?

A
  1. keep diastema
  2. orthodontic treatment
  3. composite/porcelain veneers
  4. crown and bridgework for replacement of teeth with implants (adults only)
32
Q

If a patient has an OVERSIZED labial frenum, what might happen?

A

The patient may be referred for a frenectomy

33
Q

Patient presents with oversized frenum and gets frenectomy, if this treatment is conducted on a child, what might happen?

A

the space may close by itself

34
Q

Patient presents with oversized frenum and gets frenectomy, if this treatment is conducted on a teen/adult, what might happen?

A

The space may need to be closed with braces PRIOR to frenectomy. It is due to scar tissue which may prevent space closure by orthodontic forces

35
Q

How can you determine if a patient needs a frenectomy?

A

Look for blanching of the papilla

36
Q

T/F: If there is NOT blanching of the papilla, there still may be an indication to remove frenum

A

False- when evaluating for need of frenectomy, papilla must blanch to deem frenectomy necessary

37
Q

In most cases will the diastema close SPONTANEOUSLY as the canines erupt?

A

Yes

38
Q

T/F: Little disagreement can be found that intervention to close the diastema should be DEFERRED until the canines have fully erupted

A

true

39
Q

Generally, diastema more than ____ mm require active intervention

A

2mm

40
Q

How do REMOVABLE appliances generally close diastema?

A

They tip the crowns of the incisors

41
Q

T/F: FIXED dental appliances do a better job of control dental alignment than REMOVABLE appliances for diastema closure

A

True???

42
Q

In the mixed dentition, what must you be cautious of with orthodontic treatment?

A

Be sure to avoid tipping the roots of the lateral incisors distally because they interfere with the erupting path of canines

43
Q

In the mixed dentition, why must we be cautious of tipping the roots of the laterally incisors distally?

A

To avoid interference with eruption path of canines

44
Q

Why is a fixed retainer necessary following ortho?

A

because the strong tendency for relapse

45
Q

The lack of space to fit all of the teeth normally within the jaws

A

crowding

46
Q

What four things can cause crowding?

A
  1. twisted or displaced teeth
  2. disharmony in the tooth to jaw size relationship
  3. early or late loss of primary teeth
  4. improper eruption of teeth
47
Q

What is the exact cause of crowding or malocclusion?

A

Unknown- Several researches have suggested that the problem is hereditary and it is associated with the evolutionary development of modern humans

48
Q

T/F: Researchers have contributed the MAIN cause of crowding to be a progressive reduction in the jaw size as compared with tooth size

A

true

49
Q

Why should we correct CROWDING?

(because it can)

A
  1. Prevent adequate hygiene
  2. Promote dental decay
  3. Increase chances of gum disease
  4. Prevent proper functioning of teeth
  5. Make smile less attractive
50
Q

Based on diagnosing the space problems, treatment options for proving management of space in the primary and mixed dentition should be divided into what 3 categories?

A
  1. Mild crowding less than 4.5 mm
  2. Moderate crowding 5-9mm
  3. Severe crowding >10mm
51
Q

Mild crowding =

A

less than 4.5 mm

52
Q

Mild crowding can be resolved through:

A
  1. preservation of the Leeway space
  2. regaining space
  3. limited expansion in the late mixed dentition
53
Q

Moderate crowding =

A

5-9mm

54
Q

Moderate crowding can be approached with:

A
  1. expansion
  2. extraction of permanent teeth
55
Q

Severe crowding =

A

> 10mm

56
Q

Severe crowding will need:

A
  1. extractions
  2. serial extraction or guidance of eruption is reserved for treatment for severe tooth size/arch discrepancies
57
Q

When was Bolton Analysis introduced?

A

bolton in 1958

58
Q

What does BOLTON analysis determine? (2)

A

determines the RATIO of the MD widths of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth

AND

Shows whether there is any tooth size discrepancy between the upper and lower teeth

59
Q

Determines the ratio of the MD widths of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth:

A

Bolton Analysis

60
Q

Is the BOLTON analysis recommended for primary, mixed, or permanent dentition?

A

Permanent

61
Q

When is the recommended time to do BOLTON analysis?

A

AFTER eruption of all the permanent teeth from first molar to first molar

62
Q

Bolton analysis determines ____ ratio and ____ ratio

A

overall and anterior

63
Q

How do you perform the bolton analysis ratio calculation?

A
  1. SUM of mandibular 12 and SUM of maxillary 12
  2. Overall ratio: according to bolton, the sum of the MD width of the mandibular teeth to the maxillary teeth is 91.3%
  3. Interpretation- (overall ratio)
    - If the overall ratio is less than 91.3%, it is indicated that maxillary teeth take up too much space- the maxillary teeth are relatively too large compared to mandibular teeth
  4. Anterior ratio: according to bolton, the sum of the MD width of the anterior mandibular teeth to the anterior maxillary teeth 77.2%
  5. Interpretation (anterior ratio)
    - If the overall ratio is LESS than 77.2%, this indicates the maxillary anterior teeth take up too much space- the maxillary anterior teeth are relatively too large compared to mandibular anterior teeth
  6. Calculation in mm
    - after the calculation of the bolton ration, the arch with the relatively smaller tooth cantorial is determined and the actual figure/value corresponding to the arch tooth size is located in the table
  • The ideal value for the size of the opposing teeth is read off from the accompanying column
  • The difference between the actual value and the ideal value for the relatively enlarged tooth material represents in mm the amount of excess tooth size in arch
64
Q
A

Orthodontics II (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions