lecture 3

Question 1

_____ are associated with many differences in humans>

Answer 1

polymorphisms

Question 2

reported child temperament traits related to low persistence and high sociability are associated with:

Answer 2

higher risk of substance abuse

Question 3

what traits do adults with substance abuse have?

Answer 3

low conscientiousness and high extraversion

Question 4

delay of gratification:

Answer 4

ability to wait for a later reward instead of taking an immediate smaller reward

Question 5

what does delay of gratification require?

Answer 5

self regulation

Question 6

higher levels of self regulation are associated with:

Answer 6

emotion regulation and behavior

Question 7

substance use risk profile scale:

Answer 7

developed to identify 4 personality dimensions associated with risk for substance abuse

Question 8

the 4 personality dimensions in substance use risk profile scale:

Answer 8

1. hopelessness/introversion
2. anxiety sensitivity
3. impulsivity
4. sensation seeking

Question 9

The strongest and most reliable indicator of substance abuse is a

Answer 9

consistent early pattern of antisocial behavior

Question 10

genetic influences were decreased in adolescent twins that smoked when the:

Answer 10

parental monitoring increased

Question 11

there is a greater risk of addiction associated with the variant of a gene responsible for the number of:

Answer 11

D2 receptors

Question 12

what factors insulate against the development of an addiction?

Answer 12

family and community factors

Question 13

what 3 things seems to have a stronger effect than protective alcohol-metabolizing and dopaminergic transporter genes?

Answer 13

childhood adversity, stressful life events, and lower levels of education

Question 14

passive gene-environment correlation

Answer 14

occurs when child inherits the genes AND are exposed to the environment their parents provide

Question 15

passive gene-environment
Correlation example

Answer 15

Pass down the genetic
vulnerability, parents with SUD have deficits in parenting, exposure to SUD in home

Question 16

active gene-environment correlation

Answer 16

child selects environments based on genetically influenced traits (NICHE PICKING)

Question 17

active gene-environment correlation example

Answer 17

Children with a genetic propensity to engage in
sensation-seeking behaviors are more likely to affiliate with peers who use illicit drugs, increasing their risk for a SUD.

Question 18

evocative gene-environment correlation

Answer 18

a person indirectly shaped their environment because of a genetic predisposition

Question 19

evocative gene environment correlation example

Answer 19

A child with behavioral problems may evoke poor parenting interactions, leading to promoting the risk for psychopathology, including addiction

Question 20

opiates:

Answer 20

chemical compounds that are extracted from natural plant matter such as morphine or codeine

Question 21

opioids:

Answer 21

chemical compounds that are not derived from natural plant matter, synthesized in lab

Question 22

examples of semisynthetics

Answer 22

heroine, hydrocodone, oxycodone

Question 23

what are semisynthetics?

Answer 23

chemically modified opiates

Question 24

synthetic drugs:

Answer 24

fentanyl, methadone, demerol

Question 25

Drug Schedules

Answer 25

drugs are classified into 5 distinct categories or schedules depending upon the drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s abuse or dependency
potential

Question 26

schedule 1:

Answer 26

no currently accepted medical use and high potential for abuse

Question 27

schedule 2:

Answer 27

high potential for abuse, dangerous and may lead to severe dependence

Question 28

schedule 3:

Answer 28

moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence

Question 29

schedule 4:

Answer 29

Low potential for abuse and low risk of
dependence

Question 30

schedule 5:

Answer 30

Lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and
contains limited quantities of certain narcotics.

Question 31

schedule 1 drugs:

Answer 31

Heroin
* LSD
* Cannabis

Question 32

schedule 2 drugs

Answer 32

• Hydrocodone
• Cocaine
• Methamphetamine
• Oxycodone (OxyContin),
• Fentanyl,
• Adderall

Question 33

schedule 3 drugs:

Answer 33

• (Tylenol with codeine),
• Ketamine

Question 34

schedule 4 drugs:

Answer 34

Xanax
* Soma,
* Valium
* Ativan

Question 35

schedule 5 drugs:

Answer 35

Cough medication with less than 200 milligrams of
codeine

Question 36

why its easy to have loss of control over opioids:

Answer 36

opioids taken in large amounts, persistent desire to take it, great deal of time is spent in obtaining opioids

Question 37

total number of nonfatal overdose increased of decreased?

Answer 37

increased

Question 38

Toal number of common heart related diagnoses increased or decreased?

Answer 38

decreased

Question 39

total emergency department visits increased or decreased?

Answer 39

decreased

Question 40

iatrogenic addiction to opioids:

Answer 40

induced in a patient by the treatment

Question 41

back then, what were the drivers of opioid abuse?

Answer 41

physicians disregarded issues, they were readily accessible allowing population to be overexposed, doctors were advertising morphine injections

Question 42

does heroine have a lower or higher risk of overdose compared to morphine?

Answer 42

lower

Question 43

Harrison act in 1915:

Answer 43

you had to purchase a tax bill to register and get started on opioids

Question 44

second wave epidemic after WW2 affected:

Answer 44

inner city minorities, black market

Question 45

third epidemic had the most:

Answer 45

overdose deaths than any other time in history

Question 46

drivers for this third epidemic:

Answer 46

prescriptions for opioids increased, over prescribing, was reframed as safe, claimed low addiction rate, framed as compassionate care for pain patients