8

Question 1

advanced moderate intoxication:

Answer 1

euphoria intensifies, lowered inhibitions, fatigue may begin, impairment in balance, speech, vision

Question 2

advanced intoxication:

Answer 2

“high” is reduced, depressive effects, gross motor impairment, judgment

Question 3

blackout memory formation and consolidation impairment:

Answer 3

hippocampus is associated with memory formation and consolidation, particularly sensitive to effects of alcohol. alcohol disrupts the transfer of short term memories to long term storage in the hippocampus

Question 4

alcohol inhibition initially suppresses:

Answer 4

neurons in the PFC

Question 5

inhibition:

Answer 5

suppression of impulsive behavior

Question 6

alcohol places a ____ in top-down inhibition

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

alcohol ____ GABAergic signaling and _____ glutamatergic signaling in the brain

Answer 7

increases; decreases

Question 8

impairments of response inhibition are one of the most consistently reported

Answer 8

cognitive behavioral effects of acute alcohol intoxication

Question 9

the calming/sedative and rewarding effects is due to interaction:

Answer 9

with various neurotransmitter systems

Question 10

alcohol has direct effects on:

Answer 10

dopamine ventral segmental area neurons that result in higher firing frequency and increased excitability

Question 11

alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA by:

Answer 11

increasing GABA-A receptor activity contributing to its sedative and relaxing effects

Question 12

findings in detoxified people with AUD

Answer 12

profound decreases in dopamine release in ventral striatum

Question 13

regulation of dopamine cell activity is:

Answer 13

disrupted

Question 14

decreased DA cell activity may represent:

Answer 14

loss of prefrontal regulation of DA mesolimbic pathways

Question 15

what contributes to the loss of control in addiction?

Answer 15

influence of the PFC on behavior regulation decreases with chronic drug administration

Question 16

changes in the structure of PFC:

Answer 16

reduced gray matter in the dorsolateral

Question 17

alcohol consumption leads to thinning of:

Answer 17

the neocortex even for those who drank low to moderate amounts

Question 18

alcohol consumption was negatively associated with global brain volume measures and:

Answer 18

regional gray matter volumes and white matter microstructure

Question 19

when the body perceives stress, the hypothalamus:

Answer 19

releases corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 20

corticotropin releasing hormone then stimulates the pituitary gland to:

Answer 20

produce adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 21

adrenocorticotropic hormone in turn triggers the adrenal glands to

Answer 21

release cortisol