Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBB 201 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What atoms make up more than 99% of the cell mass

A

C, N, O, H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the atomic number

A

number of protons or # of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to calculate atomic weight

A

number of protons + # neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an isotope

A

same number of protons different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the difference between an element and an atom?

A
  • element is a substance that can’t be broken down to any other chemical form; made up of a single type of atom
  • atom is the smallest part of and element that still retains its distinctive chemical properties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is composed of elements

A

a periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Whats the difference between a molecule and a compound

A
  • a molecule has two or more atoms join together chemically
  • a compound is a molecule that contains at least 2 different elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What determines how atoms interact

A

outermost electron because unfilled electron shells are less stable that a filled one therefore an atom with an unfilled electron shell will interact with another atom to complete their outermost cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a covalent bond

A
  • strong bonds being formed by the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms
  • the shared electrons complete the outer shell of both atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bond length

A

when attractive forces (+ and -) and repulsive forces (+ and +) are in balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compare single vs. double bonds

A
  • single bonds: free rotation around the bond axis when a single pair of electrons is shared
  • double bonds: no free rotation around the bond axis when two pairs of electrons are shared
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is bond strength/ dissociation energy

A

the amount of energy required to break a chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is electronegativity and what is its implication on covalent bonds

A
  • generally, a single covalent bond between two atoms results in an unequal sharing of electrons due to the difference in electronegativity resulting in polar covalent bonds
  • electronegativity is the indication of an atoms ability to attract an electron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a dipole moment

A
  • it measures the polarity of a bond or molecule
  • it is a vector quantity and is the sum of the magnitude and direction of each individual bond dipole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are non-Covalent interaction and give examples

A
  • bond that does not involve sharing electrons
  • individually weak, but cumulatively very strong
  • examples: charge-charge electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van Der Waals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What feature of non covalent bonds are important to the dynamic nature of the cell?

A
  • non covalent interactions are weak enough that they are continually being formed and reformed at room temperature
17
Q

ionic bonds

A
  • result from a gain or loss of electron
  • generally from atoms with only 1 or 2 electrons in their outer shell
  • two atoms held together with electrostatic interactions
18
Q

Hydrogen bond

A
  • an interaction between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom on a donor group and a pair of non bonded electrons on a acceptor group
19
Q

what is a donor group and hydrogen acceptors

A
  • donor group is a hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom (usually N or O)
  • hydrogen acceptors are electronegative atoms (usually N or O)
20
Q

acid

A

substances that release protons when dissolved in water

21
Q

base

A

substance that accepts protons when dissolved in water

22
Q

What is sugars general formula

A

(CH2O)n

23
Q

What are sugars

A
  • they are called carbohydrates because of their composition
  • the simplest sugars are called monosaccharides
  • monosaccharides can be joined together through glycosidic bonds to form disaccharides ( 2 monomers together), oligosaccharides (2-10 monomers) and polysaccharides (>10 monomers)
24
Q

What are sugars used for

A
  • energy source (ex. glucose or can be stored as glycogen)
  • can be used for structure (ex. cellulose that forms cell wall)
  • slime, mucus
  • modification of lipids and proteins
  • involved in information storage of our DNA
25
Q

what does TAG stand for

A

Triacyglycerols

26
Q

What are fatty Acids (FA)

A
  • hydrocarbon chain that contribute to the makeup of fats and membrane lipids
  • FAs from TAG which serve as an energy source
  • Fas form membrane lipids which contribute to membrane structure and function
27
Q

how are amino acids joined together

A

with peptide bonds

28
Q

what are polypeptides

A

they are long chains of amino acids

29
Q

What are amino acids

A
  • they are the subunits of proteins
  • they have the same basic structure with a variable side chain (R)
30
Q

How do amino acids form the final 3D structure of a protein

A
  • they fold by using covalent and non covalent interactions
31
Q

What are nucleotides

A
  • they are the subunits of DNA and RNA
  • base + sugar + phosphate (AMP)
32
Q

what is a nucleoside

A

base + sugar (adenosine)

33
Q

what does RNA and DNA stand for

A
  • RNA (ribonucleic acid)
  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
34
Q

What are the functions of nucleotide functions

A
  • short term carriers of chemical energy (ATP)
  • storage and retrieval of biological information (DNA, RNA)
35
Q

Macromolecules are the most ______. of the organic molecules in a living cell

A

abundant

36
Q

How are macromolecules made

A

from monomers (the subunits: sugar, amino acids, nucleotides)

37
Q

What is native state

A
  • in general all molecules of a given protein or RNA species adopt the same 3D conformation despite the countless folding possibilities
  • in general dictated by non covalent bonds (electrostatic interactions, van Der Waal interactions, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions)
38
Q

What effect do non covalent interactions have on macromolecules

A
  • non covalent interactions allow macromolecule to act as building blocks to form much larger structures

MBB 201 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions