Lecture 3

Question 1

what is a population?

Answer 1

a localised group of interbreeding and interacting individuals

Question 2

what is genetic drift

Answer 2

is a random change in allele frequencies over generations, that can be a cause of fixation or extinction of alleles

Question 3

what is bottlenecks?

Answer 3

it is when the population of the species is small due to allele frequencies change, or if they go extinct

Question 4

what is the founder effect

Answer 4

is when a part of the ancestral population leaves and form/grows there new population elsewhere, where the alleles present to be different,

Question 5

what is the hardy-weinberg principal?

Answer 5

no net mutation, random mating, no natural selection, very large population, no migration

Question 6

what are the causes of non-adaptive evolution?

Answer 6

natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift.

Question 7

what is microevolution?

Answer 7

it is a change in the frequencies of alleles over generations in a fixation or loss of alleles

Question 8

what are the allele frequencies

Answer 8

p & q

Question 9

Hardy-weinberg equation

Answer 9

p2+2pq+q2=1
p2, q2 = homozygote
2pq = heterozygote

Question 10

what is gene flow

Answer 10

when one population with different allele frequencies change in allele frequencies because new alleles are introduced