Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway

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2
Q

What is asthma associated with?

A

Variable airflow obstruction Andy increase airway response to a variety of stimuli - hyper responsiveness

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3
Q

What is PEFR?

A

Peak expiratory flow rate

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4
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

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5
Q

Name the two lung function tests

A

PEFR and FEV1

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6
Q

Name the mechanisms of hyperresponsiveness

A

Increased smooth muscle contractibility - smooth muscle hyperplasia/hypertrophy
Increased excitatory nerve activity
Decreased bronchodilator activity
Inflammation - epithelial damage and exposure of sensory nerves, oedema and secretion leading to decreased luminal diameter

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7
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

More muscle cells more contraction

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8
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

Bigger muscle cells

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9
Q

What does Ach act on?

A

M3 receptors

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10
Q

What does Ach cause?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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11
Q

Name two muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipatropium and tiptropium

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12
Q

What is ipatripium used to treat?

A

Irritant induced bronchospasm, by inhalation and nebuliser, asthma, bronchitis and COPD

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13
Q

How does bronchidilation occur?

A

As a result of circulating adrenaline in the body

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14
Q

What does circulating adrenaline act on?

A

On beta adrenoceptors on airway smooth muscle

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15
Q

What’ve other neurotransmitters cause bronchodilation?

A

Inhibitory non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic transmitters
Dilator neuropeptides - CGRP and VIP
Neuronally derived NO

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16
Q

Name beta2 agonists

A

Salbutamol and formoterol, salmeterol, vilanterol

17
Q

Name PDE inhibitors

A

Aminophylline, theophylline