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Block 3: Physiology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Closest to Glomerulus?

A

Proximal Tubule

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2
Q

Na+ reabsorption is quantitatively greatest in?

A

Proximal Tubule (~67%)

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3
Q

Reabsorption of most other solutes (and isosmotic reabsorption of water) is?

A

Quantitatively greatest in PCT

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4
Q

Isoosmotic Reabsorption?

A

No change in Osmolarity

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5
Q

TF/plasma?

A

Concentration in tubule compared to plasma

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6
Q

Increase K+?

A

ICF

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7
Q

Increase Na+?

A

ECF

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8
Q

Na+ Dependent Cotransporters?

A

-Glucose
-HPO4-/SO4-
-Amino Acids

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9
Q

Glucose?

A

(GLUT2)
Passive transport with carrier protein

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10
Q

Glucose (SGLT1)?

A

Driven by Na+ gradient

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11
Q

Na+ (SGLT1)?

A

Active process dependent on Na+

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12
Q

(Reabsorption of Glucose)
Filtered?

A

Increase glucose in plasma = Increase filtration rate

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13
Q

(Reabsorption of Glucose)
Excreted Equation?

A

Excreted = Filtered - Reabsorbed

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14
Q

Sodium pumps operate on?

A

Side facing capillaries

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15
Q

Na goes in with?

A

Cotransporter into cell on Lumen Side

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16
Q

Cotransporter uses Na gradient as a?

A

Driving force (it is active because generated by sodium pump)

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17
Q

Cotransporter uses Na gradient as a?

A

Driving force (it is active because generated by sodium pump)

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18
Q

Glucose enters lumen side into cell via?

A

SGLT1

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19
Q

GLUT2?

A

Like a carrier, glucose goes down chemical gradient

20
Q

Curve 1 (Filtered)?

A

Amount of glucose being filtered for kidney

21
Q

Curve 3 (Reabsorbed)?

A

Behaves very similar to group being filtered, then it has a plateau

22
Q

(NaCl Reabsorption in late PCT)
Na+ reabsorption in late PCT occurs?

A

Mostly with Cl-

23
Q

(NaCl Reabsorption in late PCT)
Both Na+ and Cl- cross?

A

PCT by transcellular (2/3) and paracellular (1/3) pathways

24
Q

(Osmotic Water Reabsorption in PCT)
Water is passively reabsorbed via?

A

Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways due to Osmotic gradient established by transport of NaCl

25
Q

Proximal Tubule Summary?

A

-2/3 of salts and water reabsorbed
-All glucose and amino acids reabsorbed
-Reabsorption is isotonic (PT Osmolality is isotonic at beginning and end)

26
Q

Na+ Transport Along Nephron?

A

-Na+ reabsorption is quantitatively greatest in proximal tubule
-Reabsorption of most other solutes (and isosmotic reabsorption of water) is also quantitatively greatest in PCT

27
Q

Which portion has NO Na+ reabsorption?

A

Thin descending limb and Thin ascending limb

28
Q

Thin descending limb of loop of Henle?

A

-Low permeability to solutes
-High permeability to water

29
Q

Thin Descending Limb of Loop of Henle increases in osmolarity because?

A

H2O leaves

30
Q

Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle (TAL)?

A

Diluting segment
-Impermeable to H2O
-Special carriers co-transport ions from tubule to interstitium

31
Q

Counter Current Multiplier creates?

A

Osmolarity gradient

32
Q

Counter Current Multiplier?

A

-Increases interstitial osmolarity
-Decreases tubular osmolarity

33
Q

Blood moving through kidney removes a lot of?

A

Osmolites

34
Q

Counter Current Exchange dependent on?

A

Osmolarity

35
Q

Counter Current Exchange is a function of?

A

Vasa Recta Capillaries
(to provide nutrients and oxygen to deep kidney while maintaining gradient)

36
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule has?

A

Decrease Osmolarity

37
Q

Principal Cells in Cortical Collecting Duct?

A

Absorb Na+ and secrete K+

38
Q

Intercalated Cells in Cortical Collecting Duct?

A

Secrete acid/base equivalents and can also reabsorb K+

39
Q

Collecting Duct is the site of?

A

ADH (principal cells) action

40
Q

Collecting Duct is divided into 2 segments?

A

-Cortical Collecting Duct
-Medullary Collecting Duct

41
Q

ADH increases?

A

Tubular Permeability to Water

42
Q

Binding of ADH to basolateral membrane of principal cells results in?

A

Insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into apical membrane

43
Q

In absence of ADH, channels are?

A

Recycled and apical membrane is again impermeable to water

44
Q

In absence of ADH, channels are?

A

Recycled and apical membrane is again impermeable to water

45
Q

Variable Permeability to H2O is regulated by?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
(concentrate urine)

46
Q

Summary of ADH Actions on Kidneys?

A

1) Increases permeability of entire collecting duct to water
2) Increases permeability of medullary collecting duct to urea
3) Decreases vasa recta blood flow
4) Increases expression of Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb (TAL)

Block 3: Physiology (7 decks)

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