Lecture 3

Question 1

The Mouth, Pharynx, and Oesophagus

Answer 1

Entrance to GI tract bordered by lips
Muscles involved in mastication (chewing)
Soft palate elevates during swallowing
Fauces opens into oropharynx
Uvula directs ingested materials inferiorly

Question 2

Tongue

Answer 2

Made of skeletal muscle
Functions in ingestion, sensation, swallowing, and speech
Papillae contain taste buds
Lingual frenulum anchors tongue

Question 3

Salivary Glands

Answer 3

Secrete saliva into oral cavity

Question 4

3 pairs of salivary glands

Answer 4

Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

Funnel-like passageway for food & air
Sectioned into nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx

Question 6

Oropharynx is lined by

Answer 6

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Swallowing

Answer 7

Voluntary phase—tongue moves up & back; pushes bolus into oropharynx; can be consciously controlled
Pharyngeal phase—uvula & soft palate reflexively elevate to close nasopharynx
Oesophageal phase—bolus enters oesophagus & peristalsis begins
Pharyngeal & oesophageal phases are involuntarily controlled

Question 8

Oesophagus

Answer 8

Flat, muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach
Peristalsis moves bolus through oesophagus
Lower oesophageal sphincter relaxes to allow entry into stomach
Fails when gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs