LECTURE 2A: LUMBAR SPINE

Question 1

horizontal articular surfaces favor ___ rotation
vertical surfaces BLOCK____ rotation

Answer 1

horizontal: AXIAL
vertical: BLOCK AXIAL

Question 2

Is the IVD thicker anteriorly or posteriorly in lumbar/cervical spine?

Answer 2

ANTERIOR (lordosis)
*largest avascular structure in body

Question 3

what 2 major stresses in the IVD cause disc herniations?

Answer 3

bending, twisting
(also resist shear, axial compression, combined motions)

Question 4

___ stability is the state of equilibrium when body is still

Answer 4

mechanical (static)

Question 5

___stability is made of 3 systems
1. passive (end range resistance)
2. active (mm)
3. CNS (feedforward/feedback to augment stiffness)

Answer 5

CONTROLLED/DYNAMIC

Question 6

If your passive structures are damaged, what works really hard?

Answer 6

active structures (fatigue faster)

Question 7

open pack lumbar spine position

Answer 7

midway between flexion and extension

Question 8

closed pack position of the lumbar spine

Answer 8

full extension

Question 9

capsular pattern of lumbar spine

Answer 9

SB/rotation
extension

Question 10

In L5,
disc surface is ___
TP is ___
SP is ______

Answer 10

disc: smaller
TP: larger
SP: smaller
(vertebral body is wedge shaped)

Question 11

If S1 becomes too mobile, this is called

Answer 11

lumbarization

Question 12

If L5 fuses to sacrum, this is called

Answer 12

sacralization

Question 13

zygapophyseal joint capsule is TIGHT IS ____ positons

Answer 13

ALL positions

Question 14

If isthmus breaks =

Answer 14

spondylolysisI

Question 15

If L5 displaced anteriorly, =

Answer 15

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Question 16

WHICH ligament resists extension or excessive lordosis

Answer 16

ALL
*if injured not painful

Question 17

Which ligament resists flexion and traction?

Answer 17

PLL

Question 18

which ligament resists flexion, slacks only with extension?

*strongest in lumbar

Answer 18

ligament flavum

Question 19

interspinous and supraspinous ligament resists what?

Answer 19

hyperflexion!
supraspinous doesnt attach directly to L4/5

Question 20

which ligament limits contralateral side bending

Answer 20

intertransverse ligament

Question 21

annulus fibrosis transmits what forces?

Answer 21

compression, shear, torsion

Question 22

nucleus pulposes ABSORBS

Answer 22

compression and shear

Question 23

what part of disc degenerates first?

Answer 23

end plate

Question 24

ROTATOR cuff of facet joint producing compression force during contraction

Answer 24

multidfidi

Question 25

External oblique does what motions

Answer 25

bilateral: flex trunk, post pelvic tilt
unilateral: side bend, contra rotation

Question 26

internal oblique does what motions

Answer 26

bilateral: flex trunk, post pelvic tilt
unilateral: side bend, ipsi rotation

Question 27

TrA is a ___ stabilizer
what does it do?

Answer 27

bilaterally: compress abdominal cavity, increase tension of TL fascia

primary stabilizer
synergist of multifidi

Question 28

iliacus does ____
psoas does ______

Answer 28

ILIACUS flex hip
PSOAS: lumbar side bend/vertical stabilizer

Question 29

QL does

Answer 29

bilateral: lumbar ext
uni: side bend L or hip hike

Question 30

bending forward causes ___% of intra disc pressure

Answer 30

150%

Question 31

rotation increases intra disc pressure by __%

Answer 31

20

Question 32

lifting 20 kg with back flexed and knees straight causes ___% increase in intradisc pressure

Answer 32

169%

Question 33

lumbar AROM flexion

Answer 33

70-90 degrees

Question 34

lumbar AROM extension

Answer 34

30-50 degrees

Question 35

axial rotation AROM

Answer 35

20-40 degrees