Lecture 2a-e: Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Structures common to all living cells?
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Chromosomes
- Ribosomes
- Cytoskeleton
Plasma Membrane
A bilayer made of phosolipid molecules with embedded protein molecules
Semi-permeable membrane
Controls the flow of substances into and out of a cell
The lipid bilayer is a _________ ________ to water soluble substances
Hydrophobic barrier (selected ubstances can penetrate cell membranes through transport protein channels)
Cytoplasm
Describes all material within a eukaryotic cell (between the plasma membrane and the central region)
The Central Region
Contains DNA molecules, which contain hereditory info (genes)
Cytosol
The aqueous portion of the cytoplasm in an intact cell (contains H2O, dissolved ions and various organic molecules
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape and plays key roles in cell division and chromosome segregation
Which cells are prokayotic?
Bacteria and Archea
Which cells are eukaryotic?
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists
3 most common shappes among prokaryotes:
Spherical, rodlike, and spiral
Glycocalyx
A rigid external cell wall coated with polysaccharides
Slime Layer
When the glycocalyx is loosely associated with the cells
Capsule
When the glycocalyx is firmly attached with the cells
Flagella
Long tail-like structure that helps may bacteria and archeans move around
Pili
Hair-like structures that attach the cell to surfaces or other cells
Organelles in animal cells, but not plant cells:
- Lysosomes
- Centrioles
- Flagella (in some plant sperm)
Organelles in plant cells, but not animal cells:
- Chloroplasts
- Central vacuole and tonoplast
- Cell wall
- Plasmodesmata
Eukaryotic Cell: Nuclear envelope
Is made up of 2 lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus
Eukaryotic Cell: Nuclear pore
Is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell: Nucleolus
Is the distinct structure present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (it mainly participates in the assembliing of the ribosomes)
Eukaryotic Cell: Chromatin
Is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic Cell: Nuclear Lamina
is a dense fibrillar network of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins located in the inner nuclear membrane