lecture 28: cardiovascular histology Flashcards
what does the cardiovascular system consist of
the heart and vessels that make up the circulatory system
what is the dominant tissue associated with the heart
cardiac muscle tissue
what is the innermost layer of the cardiac tunics, lining the atria and the ventricles
endocardium
what are the components of the endocardium
edothelium
subendothelial CT
what is the endocardium continuous with
tunica intima of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart
where are purkinje fibers of the heart located
subendocardium
what do purkinje fibers carry
carry impulses to ordinary cardiomyocytes
what is myocardium continuous with
tunica media of blood vessels
what produces atrial natriuretic factor
myoendocrine cardocytes
where are nodal cardiocytes located
sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
define hypervolemia
abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid in the body
what does myocardium consists of
consists of cardiac muscle cells
what does mesothelium overly
fibroelastic CT containing adipose cells, nerves, and coronary vessels
what are characteristics of cardiac skeleton
dense collagenous CT
myocardial fibers originate and insert into the cardiac skeleton
what are the components of the tunica intima
endothelium and its basal lamina
sub endothelial CT
internal elastic membrane
where is endothelium and its basal lamina found
found in all arteries and arterioles
what produces von willebrands factor VIII
endothelial cells
where are subendotheilal CT found
all elastic and muscular arteries and some arterioles
what is the tunica media made up of
circular smooth muscle tissue and fibroblasts
contains collagen and elastic fibers
what is in the tunica adventitia
outermost later: lacking in arterioles
consists of loose areolar tissue
contains irregular fibroelastic tissue with adipocytes
has small vessels (faso vasorum) and nerves (nervi vasorum)
what are the conducting arteries
elastic arteries
what do elastic arteries do during systole
stretch
what do elastic arteries include
aorta, pulmonary trunk, large branches of aorta
what are the distributing arteries
muscular arteries
what does the tunica media consist of
smooth muscle that responds to autonomic stimulation and hormones
what does muscular arteries include
all named arteries of body except elastic arteries
what does mean arteriole pressure depend on
proper tone of smooth muscles in arterioles
what are pericytes
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
may be contractile
may serve as stem cells to differentiate into fibroblasts, etc.
what are small arterioles innervated by
sympathetic system
what are lymphatic characteristics
single layer of endothelial cells
basal lamina may be absent
anchoring filaments
valves in larger lymphatics
what do anchoring filaments do
attach the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries to the surrounding connective tissue to prevent the lumen from collapsing
what secretes smooth muscle cell relaxing factor (such as nitric oxide)
endothelial cells
