lecture 28: cardiovascular histology

Question 1

what does the cardiovascular system consist of

Answer 1

the heart and vessels that make up the circulatory system

Question 2

what is the dominant tissue associated with the heart

Answer 2

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 3

what is the innermost layer of the cardiac tunics, lining the atria and the ventricles

Answer 3

endocardium

Question 4

what are the components of the endocardium

Answer 4

edothelium

subendothelial CT

Question 5

what is the endocardium continuous with

Answer 5

tunica intima of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart

Question 6

where are purkinje fibers of the heart located

Answer 6

subendocardium

Question 7

what do purkinje fibers carry

Answer 7

carry impulses to ordinary cardiomyocytes

Question 8

what is myocardium continuous with

Answer 8

tunica media of blood vessels

Question 9

what produces atrial natriuretic factor

Answer 9

myoendocrine cardocytes

Question 10

where are nodal cardiocytes located

Answer 10

sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node

Question 11

define hypervolemia

Answer 11

abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid in the body

Question 12

what does myocardium consists of

Answer 12

consists of cardiac muscle cells

Question 13

what does mesothelium overly

Answer 13

fibroelastic CT containing adipose cells, nerves, and coronary vessels

Question 14

what are characteristics of cardiac skeleton

Answer 14

dense collagenous CT

myocardial fibers originate and insert into the cardiac skeleton

Question 15

what are the components of the tunica intima

Answer 15

endothelium and its basal lamina
sub endothelial CT
internal elastic membrane

Question 16

where is endothelium and its basal lamina found

Answer 16

found in all arteries and arterioles

Question 17

what produces von willebrands factor VIII

Answer 17

endothelial cells

Question 18

where are subendotheilal CT found

Answer 18

all elastic and muscular arteries and some arterioles

Question 19

what is the tunica media made up of

Answer 19

circular smooth muscle tissue and fibroblasts

contains collagen and elastic fibers

Question 20

what is in the tunica adventitia

Answer 20

outermost later: lacking in arterioles
consists of loose areolar tissue
contains irregular fibroelastic tissue with adipocytes
has small vessels (faso vasorum) and nerves (nervi vasorum)

Question 21

what are the conducting arteries

Answer 21

elastic arteries

Question 22

what do elastic arteries do during systole

Answer 22

stretch

Question 23

what do elastic arteries include

Answer 23

aorta, pulmonary trunk, large branches of aorta

Question 24

what are the distributing arteries

Answer 24

muscular arteries

Question 25

what does the tunica media consist of

Answer 25

smooth muscle that responds to autonomic stimulation and hormones

Question 26

what does muscular arteries include

Answer 26

all named arteries of body except elastic arteries

Question 27

what does mean arteriole pressure depend on

Answer 27

proper tone of smooth muscles in arterioles

Question 28

what are pericytes

Answer 28

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
may be contractile
may serve as stem cells to differentiate into fibroblasts, etc.

Question 29

what are small arterioles innervated by

Answer 29

sympathetic system

Question 30

what are lymphatic characteristics

Answer 30

single layer of endothelial cells
basal lamina may be absent
anchoring filaments
valves in larger lymphatics

Question 31

what do anchoring filaments do

Answer 31

attach the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries to the surrounding connective tissue to prevent the lumen from collapsing

Question 32

what secretes smooth muscle cell relaxing factor (such as nitric oxide)

Answer 32

endothelial cells