Lecture 27: NZDEP vs IMD Flashcards
What are NZDEP variables
Communication, Income, Employment, Qualification, Owned home, Support, Living Space, transport
What are the 7 domains of the IMD domains
Employment, Income, Health, education, Housing, Crime and Access
What are area based measures of deprivation used for
peoples relative position in society, used to rank small populations rather than individuals. Focuses on a deficit approach
NZdep communication
People<65 with no access to internet at home
NZdep income vs IMD income
People 18-64 receiving a means tested benefit and people in equivalised households with income below a threshold vs
Captures the extent of income deprivation in a data zone by measuring state funded financial assistance to those with insufficient income.
NZdep Employment vs IMD employment
People 18-64 unemployed vs measure the degree to which working age people are excluded from employment
NZdep Qualification vs IMD education
People 18-64 with no qualification vs captures youth disengagement and the proportion of working age population without formal qualification
NZdep Owned home
people not living in their own home
NZdep support
People <65 living in a single parent family
NZdep living space vs IMD housing
people living in equivalised households below a bedroom occupancy threshold vs
Proportion of people living in overcrowded housing and the proportion living in rented accomodation
NZdep transport vs IMD transport
people with no access to a car vs measures the cost and inconvenience of travelling to access basic services, supermarkets, GPs, service stations, ECE, primary and intermediate schools
IMD short for
NZ index of multiple deprivation
IMD crime
The crime domain measures the risk of personal and material victimisations and is a measure of neighbourhood safety
IMD health
identifies areas with a high level of ill health (hospitalisations, cancer) or mortality
What is the relative weightings of IMD used to reflect the importance of each domain in representing key determinants of socioeconomic deprivation, the adequacy of their indicators and the robustness of the data they use
employment and income 28%, health and education 14% housing 9%, crime 5% and access 2%
What is the ecological fallacy
the error that arises when information about groups of people is used to make inferences about individuals
What are deprivation indexes used for (Nzdep)
Planning and resource allocation, research and advocacy of needs
What are the pros and cons of IMD vs NZdep
IDI includes more people than census. Can explore drivers of deprivation, better small area info and more specific solutions. Weights domains. But IDI is a deficit based dataset and new.
Whereas Nzdep is widespread and well used but can’t find separate drivers of deprivation and census data not completed by everyone
Describe how features of urban design can improve active transport
STREET CONNECTIVITY : grid pattern which reduces distance between destination, STREET CALMING: structures to slow cars down encourage walking and cycling rather than cars, MIXING LAND USE increases opportunities for active transport. having public open spaces & physical activity spaces in close proximity increases opportunity for physical activity.
HOUSING DENSITY: increasing number of residential and commercial premises
SITE DESIGN: FOOD production: community gardens- mental health and educational benefits and STREET AESTHETIC:adequate lighting, clean- improved safety
TRANSPORT PLANNING: bus stops, cycling facilities: increases active transport
What type of determinant is the built environment
Upstream: although these interventions can target the individual , family and community or environment
How are built environments measured
context specific, relating to the changes made to features of urban design. Community resource accessibility index
Define the built environment
the buildings, roads, utilities, houses, parks and all other person created entities that form the physical characteristics of a community.
Why choose environmental intervention
Rather than relying on individuals to make healthy choices (behavioural) it is better to develop infrastructure to make the healthy choice desirable
Define healthy environment
the physical, social and political settings that prevent disease while enhancing health and well being. Needed to maintain balanced healthy lifestyle
