Lecture 27: NZDEP vs IMD

Question 1

What are NZDEP variables

Answer 1

Communication, Income, Employment, Qualification, Owned home, Support, Living Space, transport

Question 2

What are the 7 domains of the IMD domains

Answer 2

Employment, Income, Health, education, Housing, Crime and Access

Question 3

What are area based measures of deprivation used for

Answer 3

peoples relative position in society, used to rank small populations rather than individuals. Focuses on a deficit approach

Question 4

NZdep communication

Answer 4

People<65 with no access to internet at home

Question 5

NZdep income vs IMD income

Answer 5

People 18-64 receiving a means tested benefit and people in equivalised households with income below a threshold vs
Captures the extent of income deprivation in a data zone by measuring state funded financial assistance to those with insufficient income.

Question 6

NZdep Employment vs IMD employment

Answer 6

People 18-64 unemployed vs measure the degree to which working age people are excluded from employment

Question 7

NZdep Qualification vs IMD education

Answer 7

People 18-64 with no qualification vs captures youth disengagement and the proportion of working age population without formal qualification

Question 8

NZdep Owned home

Answer 8

people not living in their own home

Question 9

NZdep support

Answer 9

People <65 living in a single parent family

Question 10

NZdep living space vs IMD housing

Answer 10

people living in equivalised households below a bedroom occupancy threshold vs
Proportion of people living in overcrowded housing and the proportion living in rented accomodation

Question 11

NZdep transport vs IMD transport

Answer 11

people with no access to a car vs measures the cost and inconvenience of travelling to access basic services, supermarkets, GPs, service stations, ECE, primary and intermediate schools

Question 12

IMD short for

Answer 12

NZ index of multiple deprivation

Question 13

IMD crime

Answer 13

The crime domain measures the risk of personal and material victimisations and is a measure of neighbourhood safety

Question 14

IMD health

Answer 14

identifies areas with a high level of ill health (hospitalisations, cancer) or mortality

Question 15

What is the relative weightings of IMD used to reflect the importance of each domain in representing key determinants of socioeconomic deprivation, the adequacy of their indicators and the robustness of the data they use

Answer 15

employment and income 28%, health and education 14% housing 9%, crime 5% and access 2%

Question 16

What is the ecological fallacy

Answer 16

the error that arises when information about groups of people is used to make inferences about individuals

Question 17

What are deprivation indexes used for (Nzdep)

Answer 17

Planning and resource allocation, research and advocacy of needs

Question 18

What are the pros and cons of IMD vs NZdep

Answer 18

IDI includes more people than census. Can explore drivers of deprivation, better small area info and more specific solutions. Weights domains. But IDI is a deficit based dataset and new.
Whereas Nzdep is widespread and well used but can’t find separate drivers of deprivation and census data not completed by everyone

Question 19

Describe how features of urban design can improve active transport

Answer 19

STREET CONNECTIVITY : grid pattern which reduces distance between destination, STREET CALMING: structures to slow cars down encourage walking and cycling rather than cars, MIXING LAND USE increases opportunities for active transport. having public open spaces & physical activity spaces in close proximity increases opportunity for physical activity.
HOUSING DENSITY: increasing number of residential and commercial premises
SITE DESIGN: FOOD production: community gardens- mental health and educational benefits and STREET AESTHETIC:adequate lighting, clean- improved safety
TRANSPORT PLANNING: bus stops, cycling facilities: increases active transport

Question 20

What type of determinant is the built environment

Answer 20

Upstream: although these interventions can target the individual , family and community or environment

Question 21

How are built environments measured

Answer 21

context specific, relating to the changes made to features of urban design. Community resource accessibility index

Question 22

Define the built environment

Answer 22

the buildings, roads, utilities, houses, parks and all other person created entities that form the physical characteristics of a community.

Question 23

Why choose environmental intervention

Answer 23

Rather than relying on individuals to make healthy choices (behavioural) it is better to develop infrastructure to make the healthy choice desirable

Question 24

Define healthy environment

Answer 24

the physical, social and political settings that prevent disease while enhancing health and well being. Needed to maintain balanced healthy lifestyle