Lecture 21: SEP lecture 1 Flashcards
Identify the key measures of Socioeconomic position for individuals
Education, Income, Occupation, Housing and Assets + Wealth - can be interrelated, education can lead to all of them
Identify the key measures of Socioeconomic position for Populations
Area measures: Deprivation and Access
Population measures (global determinants)
income inequality
Literacy rates,
GDP per capita (compare countries)
Value of free trade agreements
How does income relate to health outcomes
Relates to the ability to purchase health improving goods and services and take time off work for health.
It is the most modifiable determinant and can change rapidly and is a culmative factor.
How does Employment/ occupation relate to health outcomes
The main factor contributing to adequate income. It can enhance social status, improve self esteem, provides social contact and enhances opportunities for regular activity - all which are important for mental+ physical health
How does Education relate to health outcomes
This is the strongest predictor- critical in determining SEP as it is a pathway to income. Increases Health literacy : the persons ability to take on health messages, pick up on signs of illness themselves and understand health informational services provided to make health decisions.
How does Housing relate to wellbeing
Money for items essential for good health is diverted to housing.
Overcrowding, damp and cold directly lead to bad physical and mental health
What is the social gradient
A social gradient links socioeconomic position and population health. Inequalities in social status due to these factors (determinants) are related to inequalities in health status.
How does the first level of the Dahlgren & Whitehead Model describe measures of SEP and the causes of the causes
The non modifiable first level is age, sex, ethnicity: in NZ ethnicity is strongly associated with SEP. Maori cultural conventions and identity are associated with health as are gender roles. Health inequities can play across or within ethnic groups.
How does the second level of the Dahlgren & Whitehead Model describe measures of SEP and the causes of the causes
Individual lifestyle factors: the measures of SEP for individuals
How does the third level of the Dahlgren & Whitehead Model describe measures of SEP and the causes of the causes
Social and Community influences:
better social cohesion- family/ community ties tend to have better health than isolated.
Influence of parents SEP commonly used to measure SEP of youths. Can affect intergenerationally
Influence of peers on health behaviours
How does the fourth level of the Dahlgren & Whitehead Model describe measures of SEP and the causes of the causes
Living and working conditions
- measured using area based measures: NZDEP, IMD,
- can measure social fragmentation (census) and accessibility indices
Broadly speaking, what does measuring area level deprivation mean
Measuring peoples relative position in society based on where they live - looking at conditions and quality of life lower than what is ordinary in a particular society. Deficit measure.
How does the fifth level of the Dahlgren & Whitehead Model describe measures of SEP and the causes of the causes
General socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions:
Measured through cohort/ longitudinal studies (eg. NZ census mortality study)
- group similar SEP levels together
- uses IDI
Includes population based services and facilities: transport, recreational facilities, environment protection infrastructur
What is the Preston curve
Its a log graph that shows that as GDP per capita of countries increase there is a large increase from absolute poverty but as you get above 10 000 the rate diminishes.
What does the Preston curve highlight
The transfer of income from the rich to the poor would have a huge increase on life expectancy and therefore improve average health of society- reduce health inequities on global scale. However it must be noted that past the threshold, adding more money doesn’t rlly help
