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Year 1: 10. GIGU Exam > Lecture 26: Male and Female Perineum > Flashcards

Lecture 26: Male and Female Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What does the perineum contain?

A

External genitalia and anal canal

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2
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the perineum?

A

Pubic symphysis

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3
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the perineum?

A

Coccyx

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4
Q

What is the anterolateral boundary of the perineum?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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5
Q

What is the posterolateral boundary of the perineum?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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6
Q

What is the superior boundary of the perineum?

A

Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani muscles)

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7
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the perineum?

A

Skin associated with external genitalia and anal canal

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8
Q

Two triangles can be created in the perineum. Where is that imaginary line between?

A

From each ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

What are the two triangles of the perineum?

A

Anterior: urogenital triangle

  • urethra
  • external genitalia

Posterior: anal triangle

  • anal canal
  • anus
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10
Q

What is found in the anal triangle?

A

External anal sphincter: distal third
-ectoderm

Internal anal sphincter: proximal two-thirds
-endoderm

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11
Q

What separates the external and internal anal sphincter?

A

Pectinate line

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12
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

Obturator internus muscle

Ischium

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13
Q

What is the superomedial boundary of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

Pelvic Diaphragm: Levator ani muscle + external anal sphincter

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14
Q

What makes up the base of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

Skin of perineum

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15
Q

Where is the pudendal canal located?

A

Medial surface of Obturator internus muscle

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16
Q

What does the pudendal canal contain?

A

Pudendal nerve
Internal Pudendal artery
Internal Pudendal vein

17
Q

What does the pudendal nerve do?

A
  • Carries sensation from the external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus and perineum
  • Motor supply to male or female external urethral sphincters and external anal sphincter
18
Q

The inferior rectal artery is a branch from where?

A

Inferior pudendal artery

19
Q

The inferior rectal nerve is a branch from where?

A

Pudendal nerve

-supplies anal sphincters and skin

20
Q

What are the two spaces found in the urogenital triangle?

A
  1. Superficial perineal space

2. Deep perineal space

21
Q

What is found in the deep perineal space in males?

A
  1. Superior fascia
  2. Inferior fascia/perineal membrane
  3. Deep transverse perineal muscle
  4. External urethral sphincter
  5. Membranous urethra
  6. Bulbourethral glands
22
Q

What is found in the deep perineal space in females?

A
  1. Superior fascia
  2. Inferior fascia/perineal membrane
  3. Deep transverse perineal muscle
  4. External urethral sphincter
  5. Compressor urethrae
  6. Vagina
23
Q

What is found in the superficial perineal space in males?

A
  1. Root of penis
  2. Ischiocavernosus muscle
  3. Bulbospongiosus muscle
  4. Penile urethra
  5. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
24
Q

What is found in the body of the penis?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous tissue
  3. Corpus spongiosum (penile urethra)
  4. Corpus cavernosum
  5. Dorsal artery, vein, and nerve
25
Q

What is found in the superficial perineal space in females?

A
  1. Bulbs of vestibule
  2. Bulbospongiosus muscle
  3. Greater vestibular glands
  4. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
  5. Clitoris
  6. Ischiocavernosus muscle
26
Q

What does the external pudendal artery supply?

A

Males: scrotum and penis
Females: labia majora and clitoris

27
Q

What does the internal pudendal artery supply?

A

Perineal structures

28
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?

A

1) Inferior rectal nerve: anal skin and external anal sphincter
2) Perineal nerve
3) Dorsal nerve: penis/clitoris

29
Q

What do the superficial inguinal nodes drain?

A
  1. Superficial perineal space
  2. Distal portions of vagina and anal canal
    - inferior to pectinate line
30
Q

What do the deep inguinal nodes drain?

A
  1. Deep perineal space
  2. Proximal portions of vagina and anal canal
    - superior to pectinate line
31
Q

What is an episiotomy?

A

Incision between vagina and anus to prevent perineal tear

Year 1: 10. GIGU Exam (24 decks)

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