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Year 1: 10. GIGU Exam > Lecture 2: Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the inguinal ligament found?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

-base of the inguinal canal

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2
Q

What makes up the conjoint tendon?

A

Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle and transversus abdominis muscle inserting into pubis

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3
Q

Describe the superficial ring.

A

External opening of inguinal canal within the aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

  • Spermatic cord or round ligament exits from here
  • closer to pubis (exit for inguinal canal)
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4
Q

What crural fibers make up superficial ring?

A

Medial crus
Lateral crus
Intercrural fibers

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5
Q

Describe the lacunar ligament.

A

Ligament between pubic rami and inguinal ligament

-helps attach inguinal ligament to pbus

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6
Q

Describe the pectineal ligament.

A

Fibers from lacunar ligament running along pectin pubis

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7
Q

Where is the femoral ring found?

A

Lateral to lacunar ligament

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8
Q

Describe the deep ring.

A

Entrance to inguinal canal

-beginning of invagination of peritoneum into the transversalis fascia

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9
Q

What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia
Aponeurosis of transverse abdominis muscle
Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle

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10
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Internal oblique muscle

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11
Q

What makes up posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

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12
Q

What makes up the foor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal Ligament

Lacunar Ligament

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13
Q

What is the iliopubic tract a thickening of?

A

Transversalis fascia

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14
Q

Where is the genitofemoral nerve found?

A

L1 and L2

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15
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Motor: Cremasteric muscle
Sensory: small part of medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia

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16
Q

Where are gonads formed?

A

near T10 axial level

17
Q

What attaches gonads to future scrotal swellings?

A

Gubernaculum

18
Q

During testicular descent, there is an outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity into the future scrotum. What is this called?
What is remnant called?

A

Processus vaginalis

Tunica vaginalis: evagination of peritoneal cavity and remains of processus vaginalis around testes

19
Q

What are cryptorchid testis?

Patients with cryptorchid testis have an increased risk of developing what?

A

Undescended testes

-increased risk of developing testicular cancer

20
Q

What abdominal layers undergo testicular migration?

What do they become?

A

1) Skin
2) Scarpa’s fascia –> Dartos fascia
3) External abdominal oblique muscle –> External spermatic fascia
4) Internal abdominal oblique muscle –> Cremasteric muscle
5) Transversalis fascia —> Internal spermatic fascia
6) Peritoneum —> parietal and visceral tunica vaginalis

21
Q

Which abdominal layer does not undergo testicuar migration?

A

Transversus abdominis muscle

22
Q

What innervates external spermatic fascia?

A

Sympathetic NS

23
Q

What innervates cremasteric muscle?

A

Genital Branch of Genitofemoral nerve

24
Q

What structures are found in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular artery and veins (Pampiniform Plexus)
Gonadal nerves
Gonadal lymphatics

25
Q

What is a testicular varicocele?

A

Enlargement of veins in scrotum

-varicosities of pampiniform plexus

26
Q

Describe persistent processus vaginalis.

A

Patent connection between tunica vaginalis and abdomen

27
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Peritoneal serous fluid accumulation within tunica vaginalis

28
Q

What is a hematocele?

A

Accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis

29
Q

In females, describe what happens to the gubernaculum.

A

1) Attaches to developing uterus

2) Forms ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

30
Q

What does the round ligament of the uterus enter and exit?

A

Enters deep inguinal ring

Exits superficial inguinal ring, attaching to labial swellings

31
Q

What structures are found in the female inguinal canal?

A
  • Round ligament of uterus
  • Ilioinguinal nerve
  • Genitofemoral nerve (genital branch)
32
Q

What are the boundaries of Inguinal (Hesselbach’s) Triangle?

A

Medial: lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle (linea semilunaris)
Lateral: inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior: inguinal ligament

33
Q

Describe a direct hernia.

A

Hernia found in Hesselbach’s Triangle

  • medial to inferior epigastric artery
  • exits superficial ring
34
Q

Describe an indirect hernia.

A

Hernia enters scrotum

  • lateral to inferior epigastric artery
  • enters deep ring
  • exits superficial ring
35
Q

Describe a femoral hernia.

A

Hernia below inguinal ligament

-more common in women

Year 1: 10. GIGU Exam (24 decks)

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