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Year 1: 10. GIGU Exam > Lecture 1: Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nine quadrants the abdomen can be split into?

A

Right Hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left Hypochondriac

Right Flank
Umbilical
Left Flank

Right Inguinal
Pubic
Left Inguinal

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2
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane found?

A

Level of L1: inferior border of rib 8

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3
Q

What structures are found at the transpyloric plane?

A 
Gallbladder fundus
Pylorus of stomach
Pancreatic neck
SMA origin
Hepatic Portal Vein
Root of transverse mesocolon
Hila of kidneys
Right and left colic flexures
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4
Q

Where is the subcostal plane found?

A

Level of L3: right below rib 12 and inferior border of 10th costal cartilage

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5
Q

What structures are found at the subcostal plane?

A

Transverse Colon

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6
Q

Where is the transtubercular plane found?

A

Level of L5

-between iliac tubercles

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7
Q

What structures are found at the transtubercular plane?

A

Ileocecal junction

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8
Q

Where is the interspinous plane found?

A

Level of S2: between ASIS

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9
Q

What structures are found at the interspinous plane plane?

A

Appendix

Sigmoid Colon

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10
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Between thoracic and pelvic diaphragm

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11
Q

What is the imaginary border that separates the abdomen and pelvis?

A

Pelvic Inlet

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12
Q

What lines the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous membrane

-mesothelium

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13
Q

What composes the outer layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Skin
Camper’s fascia (fat)
Scarpa’s fascia (backing of fat)
Aponeurosis: tough, thick, tendon-like

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14
Q

From superficial to deep, how the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall organized?

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominis

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15
Q

What makes up the inner layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Transversalis fascia
Extraperiotneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

What is Scarpa’s fascia continuous with?

A

Colle’s fasica of perineum but fused with fascia lata of lower limb

  • imp so fluid cannot go from abdominal wall into leg
  • fluid can flow into or out of superficial perineum
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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique muscle?

A

Origin: outer surface of lower 6 ribs
Insertion: aponeurosis and linea alba & anterior iliac crest and pubic tubercle

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the external oblique muscles?

A

ventral rami of T7-T12 of intercostal nerves

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19
Q

What is the action of the external oblique muscles?

A

Compresses abdomen and increases intra-abdominal pressure

-moves trunk and retains posture

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20
Q

The lower portion of the external oblique muscles are rolled under to make what?

A

Inguinal ligament

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21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Origin: iliac crest and some of thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: lower part of ribs 10-12 , aponeurosis, linea alba and pubic crest

22
Q

What is the innervation of the internal oblique muscles?

A

T7-T12 and L1

23
Q

What is the action of the internal oblique muscles?

A

Compresses and supports viscera

Lateral flexes and rotates

24
Q

The lower portion of the internal oblique muscles make what?

A

Part of conjoint tendon

25
What is the origin and insertion of the transversus abdominis muscle?
Origin: lower 7-12 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and some even off upper inguinal ligament Insertion: linea alba, pecten pubis and pubic crest
26
What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis muscles?
T7-T12
27
What is the action of the transversus abdominis muscles?
Compresses and supports visceral
28
What is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle?
Origin: pubic symphysis and pubic crest Insertion: xiphoid process and outer surface of 5-7th intercostal cartilages
29
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis muscles?
ventral rami of T7-T12
30
What is the action of the rectus abdominis muscles?
Flexes abdomen and compresses it
31
What is the arcuate line?
Transition point of the composition of the rectus sheath | -normally at the umbilicus
32
Superior to the arcuate line, what structures are anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominis muscles?
Anterior: External Oblique Internal Oblique Posterior: Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis Transversalis fascia
33
Inferior to the arcuate line, what structures are anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominis muscles?
Anterior: External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis Posterior: Transversalis fascia
34
Where is the iliohypogastric nerve found?
L1: Runs between 2nd and 3rd muscle layers | -more superior
35
What is the function of the iliohypogastric nerve?
- Motor to Internal Oblique Muscle and Transversus Abdominis Muscle - Sensory to upper inguinal and hypogastric region
36
Where is the ilioinguinal nerve found?
L1 - more lateral - exits superficial ring
37
What is the function of the ilioinguinal nerve?
- Motor to lower Internal Oblique Muscle and Transversus Abdominis Muscle - Sensory to lower inguinal, anterior scrotum/labia, and near medial thigh
38
What results in the median umbilical fold?
Fold due to obliterated urachus from allantois
39
What results in the medial umbilical fold?
Fold due to obliterated umbilical artery
40
What results in the lateral umbilical fold?
Due to inferior epigastric artery
41
Where is the supravesicular fossa found?
Gutter on either side of upper bladder
42
Where is the medial inguinal fossa found?
Gutter lateral to medial umbilical folds
43
Where is the lateral inguinal fossa found?
Gutter lateral to lateral umbilical folds
44
Superficial lymphatic vessels superior to the umbilicus drain where?
Axillary nodes
45
Superficial lymphatic vessels inferior to the umbilicus drain where?
Superficial inguinal nodes
46
Deep lymphatic vessels drain where?
Deep veins of abdominal walls
47
Describe the subcostal incision.
About 2.5 cm inferior from margin - access to gallbladder, biliary tract, and spleen - risk of nerve damage at L1
48
Describe the midline incision.
Midline of abdomen - can be made quickly - long recovery time due to CT and muscles - not much blood supply (good for surgery and bad for recovery)
49
Describe the paramedian incision.
Costal margin to iliac crest along linea semilunaris - opens anterior sheath - should be used for life saving only
50
Describe the suprapubic incision.
Pubic hair line | -used in most gynecological/obstetrical surgeries
51
Describe gridline incision.
At McBurney's point | -typical in appendectomy

Year 1: 10. GIGU Exam (24 decks)

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