Lecture 25: Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 1

• Psoas major
• Psoas minor
• Iliacus
• Quadratus lumborum

Question 2

What are the three unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 2

• Celiac trunk
• Superior mesenteric artery
• Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 3

Describe landmarks for the beginning and termination of the abdominal aorta

Answer 3

extends from aortic hiatus to bifurcation into common iliac

Question 4

What are the three paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 4

• Middle suprarenal arteries
• Renal arteries
• Gonadal arteries

Question 5

What are the five paired somatic branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 5

• inferior phrenic arteries

- four pairs of lumbar segmental arteries

Question 6

What are the terminal branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 6

• splenic artery
• left gastric artery
• common hepatic artery

Question 7

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 7

• Right hepatic
• Left hepatic
• Cystic artery
• Right gastric
- gastroduodenal

Question 8

Where does the right gastric artery travel?

Answer 8

along lesser curvature of stomach

Question 9

where does the right gastroepiploic artery travel?

Answer 9

along greater curvature of stomach

Question 10

Where does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery travel and what does it supply?

Answer 10

travels along head of pancreas and supplies duodenum and pancreas

Question 11

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 11

most of the duodenum and intestine to left colic flexure

Question 12

What does the right colic artery supply?

Answer 12

ascending colon

Question 13

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

Answer 13

ileum, cecum, appendix and ascending colon

Question 14

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 14

intestine beginning with left colic flexure to upper half of anal canal

Question 15

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 15

left colic branch
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

Question 16

what does the left colic branch supply?

Answer 16

descending colon

Question 17

What does the sigmoid arteries supply?

Answer 17

descending and sigmoid colon

Question 18

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

Answer 18

proximal rectum

Question 19

What are the paired lateral branches of the aorta?

Answer 19

• Suprarenal
• Inferior phrenic
• Renal: Gives off five segmental arteries
• Testicular or ovarian
• Lumbar (4 pairs)

Question 20

What are the terminal branches of the aorta?

Answer 20

common iliacs

median sacral

Question 21

What forms the inferior vena cava?

Answer 21

union of paired common iliac veins

Question 22

What is the definition of a portal system?

Answer 22

• Venous connection
between two organs other than the heart
• Vein connecting two capillary beds

Question 23

What are examples of a portal system?

Answer 23

• Hepatic
• Hypophyseal
• Renal (not in mammals)

Question 24

What do the thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) innervate?

Answer 24

anterior abdominal muscles, overlying skin and peripheral diaphragm

Question 25

What does the subcostal (T12) nerve innervate?

Answer 25

inferior external oblique and skin anterior superior iliac spine and hip

Question 26

What does the iliohypogastric nerve innervate?

Answer 26

lateral buttock

hypogastric region

Question 27

What does the illioinguinal nerve innervate?

Answer 27

skin of groin
scrotum
labia

Question 28

What does the vagus nerve do?

Answer 28

• provides parasympathetic innervation to abdominal viscera

- supplies innervation as far as left colic flexure

Question 29

Are the thoracic splanchnic nerves sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 29

sympathetic

Question 30

What do the visceral branches of T5-T12 sympathetic ganglia or thoracic splanchnic nerves supply?

Answer 30

abdominal organs rather than thoracic organs

Question 31

The greater splanchnic nerve’s celiac plexus is sympathetic to what?

Answer 31

Sympathetic to stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, kidneys, and suprarenal glands

Question 32

The greater splanchnic nerve’s hepatic plexus is sympathetic to what?

Answer 32

the liver

Question 33

The lesser splanchnic nerve superior mesenteric plexus is sympathetic to what?

Answer 33

Sympathetic to duodenum, ileum, jejunum, cecum, vermiform, appendix,
ascending colon, transverse colon, pancreas

Question 34

Least splanchnic nerve is sympathetic to what?

Answer 34

kidneys, suprarenal glands

Question 35

What does the inferior mesenteric ganglia innervate sympathetically?

Answer 35

descending and sigmoid colon

Question 36

What does the super hypogastric plexus sympathetically innervate?

Answer 36

uterine tubes in females