Lecture 21: Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

middle inferior mediastinum within in the pericardial cavity

Question 2

What is the transverse sinus?

Answer 2

space between arterial and venous mesocardium

Question 3

What is the oblique sinus?

Answer 3

space between right and left pulmonary veins

Question 4

What is the blood supply of the pericardium?

Answer 4

pericardial arteries
pericardiacophrenic arteries
musculophrenic arteries

Question 5

What is the nerve supply of the pericardium?

Answer 5

CN X
phrenic nerve
sympathetic nerve

Question 6

Where does the apex of the heart project?

Answer 6

5th intercostal space

8 cm to left of median line of sternum

Question 7

Where does the base of the heart project?

Answer 7

horizontal plane across sternum
level of costal cartilage 3
ends 2 cm to left of left parasternal line

Question 8

What is the thickest layer of the heart?

Answer 8

myocardium

Question 9

what are the functions of the annuli fibrosi?

Answer 9

• Rigid attachment for cardiac muscle fibers

* Support for valves

Question 10

What is the blood supply to the heart?

Answer 10

right coronary artery, left coronary artery

Question 11

What does the right coronary artery supply?

Answer 11

right atrium
right ventricle
posterior half of inter ventricular septum

Question 12

What does the left coronary artery supply?

Answer 12

left atrium
left ventricle
anterior half of inter ventricular septum

Question 13

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 13

Superior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava
• Coronary sinus
• Anterior cardiac veins

Question 14

Where is the moderator band located

Answer 14

right ventricle

Question 15

Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

Answer 15

from four pulmonary veins

Question 16

What is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 16

sinoatrial node

Question 17

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 17

right atrium near opening of SVC at superior end of sulcus terminals

Question 18

The SA node receives direct stimulation from what?

Answer 18

sympathetic cardiac nerves

parasympathetic vagus nerves

Question 19

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 19

interatrial septum near tricuspid valve

Question 20

What are the two branches off the ascending aorta?

Answer 20

left and right coronary arteries

Question 21

Where is the position of the aortic arch?

Answer 21

arches to the left over left pulmonary after, apex of arch reaches the middle of the manubrium

Question 22

What are the three main branches of the aorta?

Answer 22

brachiocephalic
left common carotid
left subclavian

Question 23

What are the anterior relationships of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 23

left phrenic nerve
left vagus nerve
superficial cardiac plexus

Question 24

What are the inferior relationships of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 24

left recurrent laryngeal nerve
ligamentum arteriosum
pulmonary trunk
left primary bronchus

Question 25

What are posterior relationships of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 25

trachea

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 26

The descending aorta begins at the level of the ______ angle

Answer 26

sternal

Question 27

What forms the right brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 27

right internal jugular

right subclavian

Question 28

What is the tributary of the right brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 28

right internal intercostal vein

Question 29

What forms the left brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 29

left internal jugular

left subclavian

Question 30

What are the tributaries of the left brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 30

left internal thoracic
left superior intercostal
inferior thyroid vein

Question 31

What forms the superior vena cava?

Answer 31

right and left brachiocephalic vein

Question 32

What receives the superior vena cava?

Answer 32

azygos vein

Question 33

What does the azygos vein form from in the abdomen?

Answer 33

right subcostal vein

right ascending lumbar vein

Question 34

What does the hemiazygos vein form from in the abdomen?

Answer 34

left subcostal vein

lest ascending lumbar vein

Question 35

What does the accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 35

intercostal spaces 4-7(8) on left side