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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 19: Mediastinum and Respiratory Diaphragm > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Mediastinum and Respiratory Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

the space between lungs

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2
Q

The superior mediastinum is separated from inferior by horizontal plane between ______ and ____

A

sternal angle and IV discs

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3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the superior mediastinum?

A

retrosternal

prevertebral

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4
Q

What are the subdivisions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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5
Q

What is in the retrosternal superior mediastinum?

A

great vessels and branches

thymus

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6
Q

What is in the prevertebral superior mediastinum?

A 
trachea
esophagus
thoracic duct
sympathetic trunks
vagus nerves
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7
Q

What is in the anterior inferior mediastinum?

A

thymus
fat
lymph nodes

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8
Q

What is in the middle inferior mediastinum?

A

pericardium
phrenic nerves
pericardiacophrenic artery
heart and great vessels

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9
Q

What is in the posterior inferior mediastinum?

A 
esophagus 
thoracic duct
aorta and branches 
vagus nerves
sympathetic trunks
azygos system of veins
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10
Q

What does the pericardium do?

A

encloses heart

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11
Q

What is the transverse sinus?

A

space between arterial and venous mesocardium

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12
Q

What is the oblique sinus?

A

space between right and left pulmonary veins

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13
Q

Where does the esophagus pass through diaphragm?

A

T10

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14
Q

How does the azygous vein form?

A

union of right ascending lumbar vein and high subcostal vein

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15
Q

What side is the azygous vein on?

A

right

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16
Q

Where does the hemiazygous vein run?

A

left

17
Q

Where does the parasternal node receive lymph?

A

thoracic wall, upper anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm. mammary gland

18
Q

Where does the posterior intercostal nodes receive lymph?

A

thoracic wall and paravertebral regions

19
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic nodes receive lymph?

A

diaphragm, pericardium, upper surface of liver

20
Q

Where does the does the bronchiomediastinal lymph trunks receive lymph?

A

posterior mediastinal nodes
brachiocephalic nodes
tracheobronchial nodes
parasternal nodes

21
Q

What does the left thoracic duct arise from?

A

cisterna chyli

22
Q

Where does the left thoracic duct receive most of its lymph?

A

below the diaphragm, left internal jugular lymph trunk, left subclavian lymph trunk

23
Q

Where does the left thoracic duct empty?

A

left internal jugular vein

left subclavian vein

24
Q

What does the right thoracic duct drain?

A

upper right thoracic cavity, right upper extremity, right side of head and neck

25
Q

Where does the rich thoracic duct empty?

A

right internal jugular vein

right subclavian vein

26
Q

What nerve is the major parasympathetic supply to thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A

vagus nerve

27
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve arise from?

A

in neck from ventral rami of C3-5

28
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

muscular sheet with an inferior and superior fascia

29
Q

In moderate expiration, the diaphragm reaches what?

A

level of 5th rib on right side and 5th IC space on left

30
Q

diaphragm origin sternal part

A

diploid process

31
Q

diaphragm origin costal part

A

lower 6 ribs and cartilages

32
Q

diaphragm origin lumbar part

A

lumbar vertebrae and crura

right: L1-3
left: L1-2

33
Q

What are the attachments of the respiratory diaphragm?

A

ribs
TV 12
distal end of sternum
central tendon

34
Q

What are the functions of the diaphragm?

A

• Contraction flattens the muscle and increases the thoracic volume
• Creates a negative pressure in the thoracic cavity and a positive pressure in the abdominal
cavity

35
Q

What counteracts the action of the diaphragm?

A

floating ribs

36
Q

What pierces the diaphragm at T8?

A

inferior vena cava

accompanied by right phrenic nerve

37
Q

What pierces diaphragm at T10?

A

esophagus

vagus nerve accompanies it

38
Q

What pierces the aortic hiatus?

A

aorta

accompanied by greater splanchnic nerve

39
Q

What is the nerve supply of the central tendon?

A

phrenic nerve

C3-5

Anatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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