Lecture 24 - The Self VII (Self-Conscious Emotions) Flashcards
What are the characteristics of basic emotions? (4)
Universal, no verbalisation of internal processes, readable emotions from facial expressions, observed in non-humans, and does not require cognition (anger, fear, sadness, joy).
What are the characteristics of self-conscious emotions (4)
Dependent on thoughts about the self, less evidence for universality, causes of these emotion vary across culture, and there is no universal facial recognition (body language required) -> guilt, shame, pride.
What do self-conscious emotions require and what are their aims?
Sense of self-awareness and self-representation, which combine to create self-evaluation (which develop at age 3). Typically facilitate social goals.
What is the evidence suggesting that pride is not a self-conscious emotion?
It was observable in all athletes, even those who were born blind (not learned). It is fairly recognizable across cultures, even in those without media presence.
What is the purpose of pride?
IAT studies reveal pride expressions are related to high status, so pride may convey success and social status to others. It also motivates efforts to increase/acquire socially valuable skills (reinforcing).
What are the outcomes of being proud?
Spend more time solving puzzles when proud (perseverance) and perceived as more dominant -> adaptive.
What’s the difference between authentic and hubristic pride?
Authentic pride: achievement-oriented. Internal, unstable and controllable causes (did well due to study). Positively correlated with self-esteem.
Hubristic pride: self-aggrandizing. Internal, stable and uncontrollable (I won because I’m great). Positively correlated with narcissism.
What are the cultural differences of pride?
Pride is less valued in collectivist cultures. The west tend to have higher authentic pride and the east have higher hubristic (related to self-views?)
