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Anatomy Exam 4 > Lecture 23: Repsiratory System > Flashcards

Lecture 23: Repsiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

diffusion of blood gases requires?

A

thin walls
moist surfaces
rich blood supply

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2
Q

upper respiratory tract = outside the __
1. nasal cavity and ___ sinuses
2. __ and ___

A

thorax
1. paranasal
2. larynx and pharynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory tract = within the __
1. trachea, ___, bronchial tree, and __ cavity

A

thorax
1. bronchi, pleural

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4
Q

anterior opening in the nose =
bone =

A

nostril
bone = external nares

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5
Q

vestibule =

A

the openings of your nose

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6
Q

nasal septum:
1. anterior septum formed by __
2. posterior septum =

A
  1. hyaline cartilage
  2. vomer, ethmoid bone
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7
Q

nasolacrimal ducts do what

A

carry tears from lacrimal sacs

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8
Q

paranasal sinuses drain via

A

paranasal ducts

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9
Q

are all paranasal ducts connected?

A

yes

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10
Q

all ducts/sinuses are line with a __ membrane

A

mucous

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11
Q

posterior opening in the nose =

A

internal nares

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12
Q

primary purpose of nasal cavity

A

warm and humidify incoming air

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13
Q

epithelia of nasal cavity:
1. nasal vestibules lined with
a. __ glands and ___ glands
b. __ helps filter inspired air

  1. ___ epithelium = upper 1/3 nasal passages
  2. ___ epithelium = lower 2/3 nasal cavity
A

1a. sebaceous and sweat
1b. hair

  1. olfactory
  2. respiratory
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14
Q

respiratory epithelium:
1. __ membrane
2. aka ___
3. __ sweep particles to mouth

A
  1. mucous
  2. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  3. cilia
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15
Q

what areas are part of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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16
Q

nasopharynx:
1. space above __, posterior to ___
2. ___ connect nasopharynx with ___
3. __ tonsils on posterior wall
4. ___ palate serves as a flap valve btw nasal cavity and pharynx

A
  1. soft palate, nasal cavity
  2. auditory tubes, middle ear
  3. pharyngeal
  4. soft
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17
Q

oropharynx:
1. space below ___ and above __
2. __ tonsils located in lateral walls
3. __ tonsils located at base of tongue

A
  1. soft palate, hyoid
  2. palatine
  3. lingual

the space you can see when you open your mouth in the mirror

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18
Q

laryngopharynx:
1. space between __ and ___
2. ___ problems
3. intrinsic ___ hazards

A
  1. hyoid and glottis
  2. developmental
  3. choking
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19
Q

larynx: aka__
1. cylinder - reinforced with __
2. suspended below __ bone
3. surrounds and protects the __ + ___
4. vocal cords vibrate to produce ___
5. epiglottis - ___ cover

A

voice box
1. cartilage
2. hyoid
3. glottis and trachea
4. sound
5. protective

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20
Q

arytenoid is for what

A

anchor for vocal ligaments

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21
Q

corniculate is for what

A

anchor for vestibular ligaments

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22
Q

cuneiform is for what

A

stabilize epiglottis from below

23
Q

laryngeal ligaments

A

True and false vocal cord

false over true

false has vestibular ligament and vestibular fold (fold on top)

true has vocal ligament and vocal fold (fold on top)

24
Q

epiglottis:
1. covers the __
2. “valve” that diverts food to ___

A
  1. glottis
  2. esophagus
25
Q

space between the true and false vocal cord is the

A

glottis

26
Q

tensions and spacing of cords =

A

sound pitch and volume

27
Q

what is between the trachea rings

A

annular ligaments

28
Q

the trachea is lined with __ epithelium

A

respiratory

29
Q

trachea divides into what

A

right and left primary bronchi

30
Q

spot where trachea splits into right and left is the

A

carina

31
Q

tracheostomy =

A

surgical opening in trachea to allow passage of air

32
Q

bronchial tree order:

A

trachea > right and left primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveoli

33
Q

how many secondary bronchi does each lung have

A

right has 3
left has 2

34
Q

bronchodilation (___ diameter) - ___ ANS

A

increase
sympathetic

35
Q

bronchoconstriction (___ diameter) - ___ ANS

A

decrease
parasympathetic

36
Q

alveoli is the site of

A

gas exchange

37
Q

alveoli has a blind pocket of ___ epithelium

A

simple squamous

38
Q

septal cells (in alveolus) produce ___

A

surfactant

39
Q

surfactant reduces ___ in alveoli
(allows them to not stick together)

A

surface tension

40
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome:
1. premature babies don’t produce enough __
2. alveolar walls stick together =
3. insufficient respiratory surface =

A
  1. surfactant
  2. alveolar collapse
  3. blue baby
41
Q

lobes in lungs

A

3 on right
2 on left (because your heart sits on that side giving a cardiac impression)

42
Q

pleural cavities

A

mediastinum
visceral pleura
parietal pleura
pleural cavity
serous fluid

43
Q

mediastinum is where

A

central partition of thoracic cavity

44
Q

visceral pleura =

A

serous membrane on lung surface

45
Q

parietal pleura =

A

serous membrane lining pleural cavity

46
Q

pleural cavity =

A

potential space

47
Q

serous fluid =

A

surface tension holds pleura together

48
Q

pneumothorax =
1. air enters ___
2. ___ can no longer maintain pleural contact
3. lungs ___

A

air in the thorax
1. pleural cavity
2. serous fluid
3. collapse

49
Q

pleural adhesions form between

A

visceral and parietal layers

50
Q

emphysema =

A

destruction of alveoli

51
Q

pulmonary embolism =

A

blood clot in lungs

52
Q

major events in inspiration:
1. diaphragm ___
2. forced ___ - several muscles raise rib cage
3. pressure ___

A
  1. contracts
  2. inspiration
  3. decreases
53
Q

major events in expiration:
1. normal expiration is ___
2. forced ___
a. abdominal walls compress ___

A
  1. passive (does not require energy)
  2. expiration
    a. gut
54
Q

control of breathing:
1. respiratory centers: __ + ___
2. mechanoreceptors: __ + ___
3. chemoreceptors: ___ + ___ + ___
4. cough =

A
  1. pons + medulla oblongata
  2. lung volume + blood pressure
  3. CO2 and O2 and blood pH
  4. reflex to protect respiratory tract

Anatomy Exam 4 (7 decks)

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