Lecture 21: Overview of CVS Flashcards by CaLeigh Lane

what are the functions of blood?

transport of nutrients !
transport of hormones !
regulate blood pH !
transport of wastes & gases
defend against pathogens
stabilization of body temp

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when we hold our breath, our pH does what?

goes up because of all the carbon monoxide inside our body

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blood composition
- plasma = % of blood volume ?
- plasma = non-cellular fluid __ of blood

55
matrix

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what do plasma proteins do

transport hormone and lipids, framework for clots

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red blood cells are for:
white blood cells are for:
platelets are for:

O2/CO2 transport
immune defense
blood clotting

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too few red blood cells means what

anemic

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blood doping =

taking red blood cells out of body and spinning it, once body reaches its regular red blood cell amount, they put their other red blood cells back in which allows them to go longer in activates and not get tired as often

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base of the heart is the attachment for

large vessels

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apex of the heart is for

ventricles

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myocardium =
- arranged as ___
- ___ ___ relay action potentials

cardiac muscle cells
- branched
- intercalary discs

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the atrium contract when
the ventricles contract when

atrium contract at the same time
ventricles contract at the same time
they all 4 do NOT contract together

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endocardium =
- covers what?

inside the heart
- covers the surfaces of chambers and valves

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epicardium is also known as

visceral pericardium

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visceral pericardium
- serous membrane on what
- stuck to what

outer surface of heart
stuck to lungs

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parietal pericardium =
- serous membrane that contributes to the ___
- parietal = ___
- stuck to ?

pericardial sac
stuck to a wall
stuck to ribs

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pericardial sac is what
- inner layer =
- outer layer =

2 members of serous membrane stuck together
- parietal pericardium
- parietal pleura

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mediastinum =

space between the lungs that contain the esophagus, trachea, great vessels, NAVLs and the heart itself

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pericardial cavity =

space between the parietal and visceral pericardium

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what does the heart sit inside of

pericardial cavity

pericarditis =

inflammation of the pericardia

cardiac tamponade =

pericardial cavity fills with blood (not good)

order of layers of the heart

endocardium (deepest)
myocardium (muscle)
epicardium (visceral layer)
pericardial cavity
parietal pericardium
fibrous pericardium

papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, and trabeculae carneae are only inside the __

left and right ventricles

chordae tendinea arise from?

papillary muscles

what is the purpose of chordae tendinea

limit the movement of the cusps when the valve closes AKA prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium

what are the branches of the right coronary artery

anterior ventricular right marginal branch posterior interventricular branch

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

- anterior interventricular - circumflex - left marginal - posterior ventricular branches

coronary valves insure what

one-way flow of blood through the heart

regurgitation =

gurgling/fluttering sound = murmur

regurgitation reduces what

heart efficiency

atherosclerosis =

the narrowing of coronary arteries

systole =

CONTRACTION of the myocardium

diastole =

RELAXATION of the myocardium

function of the heart: 1. atrial systole injects blood into __ 2. ___ fill which causes AV-valves to start ___ 3. atrial ___ 4. ventricular systole injects blood into __/___ artery 5. AV-valves to __ (__ sound) 6. back pressure in aorta/pulmonary trunk ___ 7. semilunar valves ___ (__ sound) 8. ventricular ___ REPEAT

1. ventricles 2. ventricles; closing 3. diastole 4. aorta/pulmonary 5. slam shut ("lubb" sound) 6. builds up 7. slam shut ("dubb" sound) 8. ventricular diastole

heart murmur =

mechanical failure of a heart valve

electrical conduction system of the heart: 1. sino-atrial (SA) node: a. medial wall of the right __ b. ___ cells are responsible for ___ 2. atrio-ventricular (AV) node: a. located at the junction between the __ and __ b. connected to the __ node

1a. right atrium 1b. pacemaker (nodal) cells ; heart rate 2a. atria & ventricles 2b. SA-node

AV bundle (Bundle of His): 1. runs from the __ node through the __ septum 2. Purkinje fibers branch then out into __ walls

1. AV; interventricular 2. ventricular

control of heart rate: 1. __ node = heart initiates its own heartbeat 2. heart slowed: ____ ANS - acetylcholine 3. heart accelerated: ___ ANS - norepinephrine

1. SA-node 2. parasympathetic 3. sympathetic

embolus =

drifting clot in the circulation

embolism =

blockage due to the clot

coronary ischemia =

restricted blood supply to myocardium

myocardial infarction =

localized cell death in myocardium

bradycardia =

slower than normal heart rate

tachycardia =

faster than normal heart rate

venous drainage of myocardium: 1. anterior side a. __ cardiac vein b. __ cardiac vein 2. posterior side a. __ cardiac vein b. __ cardiac vein 3. Coronary sinus a. cardiac veins combine to form the ___ sinus b. coronary sinus drains into the right __

1a. great 1b. anterior 2a. posterior 2b. middle 3a. coronary 3b. atrium