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Anatomy Exam 4 > Lecture 21: Overview of CVS > Flashcards

Lecture 21: Overview of CVS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of blood?

A

transport of nutrients !
transport of hormones !
regulate blood pH !
transport of wastes & gases
defend against pathogens
stabilization of body temp

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2
Q

when we hold our breath, our pH does what?

A

goes up because of all the carbon monoxide inside our body

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3
Q

blood composition
- plasma = % of blood volume ?
- plasma = non-cellular fluid __ of blood

A

55
matrix

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4
Q

what do plasma proteins do

A

transport hormone and lipids, framework for clots

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5
Q

red blood cells are for:
white blood cells are for:
platelets are for:

A

O2/CO2 transport
immune defense
blood clotting

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6
Q

too few red blood cells means what

A

anemic

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7
Q

blood doping =

A

taking red blood cells out of body and spinning it, once body reaches its regular red blood cell amount, they put their other red blood cells back in which allows them to go longer in activates and not get tired as often

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8
Q

base of the heart is the attachment for

A

large vessels

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9
Q

apex of the heart is for

A

ventricles

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10
Q

myocardium =
- arranged as ___
- ___ ___ relay action potentials

A

cardiac muscle cells
- branched
- intercalary discs

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11
Q

the atrium contract when
the ventricles contract when

A

atrium contract at the same time
ventricles contract at the same time
they all 4 do NOT contract together

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12
Q

endocardium =
- covers what?

A

inside the heart
- covers the surfaces of chambers and valves

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13
Q

epicardium is also known as

A

visceral pericardium

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14
Q

visceral pericardium
- serous membrane on what
- stuck to what

A
  • outer surface of heart
  • stuck to lungs
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15
Q

parietal pericardium =
- serous membrane that contributes to the ___
- parietal = ___
- stuck to ?

A
  • pericardial sac
  • stuck to a wall
  • stuck to ribs
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16
Q

pericardial sac is what
- inner layer =
- outer layer =

A

2 members of serous membrane stuck together
- parietal pericardium
- parietal pleura

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17
Q

mediastinum =

A

space between the lungs that contain the esophagus, trachea, great vessels, NAVLs and the heart itself

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18
Q

pericardial cavity =

A

space between the parietal and visceral pericardium

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19
Q

what does the heart sit inside of

A

pericardial cavity

20
Q

pericarditis =

A

inflammation of the pericardia

21
Q

cardiac tamponade =

A

pericardial cavity fills with blood (not good)

22
Q

order of layers of the heart

A
  1. endocardium (deepest)
  2. myocardium (muscle)
  3. epicardium (visceral layer)
  4. pericardial cavity
  5. parietal pericardium
  6. fibrous pericardium
23
Q

papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, and trabeculae carneae are only inside the __

A

left and right ventricles

24
Q

chordae tendinea arise from?

A

papillary muscles

25
Q

what is the purpose of chordae tendinea

A

limit the movement of the cusps when the valve closes
AKA prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium

26
Q

what are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

anterior ventricular
right marginal branch
posterior interventricular branch

27
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

A
  • anterior interventricular
  • circumflex
  • left marginal
  • posterior ventricular branches
28
Q

coronary valves insure what

A

one-way flow of blood through the heart

29
Q

regurgitation =

A

gurgling/fluttering sound = murmur

30
Q

regurgitation reduces what

A

heart efficiency

31
Q

atherosclerosis =

A

the narrowing of coronary arteries

32
Q

systole =

A

CONTRACTION of the myocardium

33
Q

diastole =

A

RELAXATION of the myocardium

34
Q

function of the heart:
1. atrial systole injects blood into __
2. ___ fill which causes AV-valves to start ___
3. atrial ___
4. ventricular systole injects blood into __/___ artery
5. AV-valves to __ (__ sound)
6. back pressure in aorta/pulmonary trunk ___
7. semilunar valves ___ (__ sound)
8. ventricular ___
REPEAT

A
  1. ventricles
  2. ventricles; closing
  3. diastole
  4. aorta/pulmonary
  5. slam shut (“lubb” sound)
  6. builds up
  7. slam shut (“dubb” sound)
  8. ventricular diastole
35
Q

heart murmur =

A

mechanical failure of a heart valve

36
Q

electrical conduction system of the heart:
1. sino-atrial (SA) node:
a. medial wall of the right __
b. ___ cells are responsible for ___

  1. atrio-ventricular (AV) node:
    a. located at the junction between the __ and __
    b. connected to the __ node
A

1a. right atrium
1b. pacemaker (nodal) cells ; heart rate

2a. atria & ventricles
2b. SA-node

37
Q

AV bundle (Bundle of His):
1. runs from the __ node through the __ septum
2. Purkinje fibers branch then out into __ walls

A
  1. AV; interventricular
  2. ventricular
38
Q

control of heart rate:
1. __ node = heart initiates its own heartbeat
2. heart slowed: ____ ANS - acetylcholine
3. heart accelerated: ___ ANS - norepinephrine

A
  1. SA-node
  2. parasympathetic
  3. sympathetic
39
Q

embolus =

A

drifting clot in the circulation

40
Q

embolism =

A

blockage due to the clot

41
Q

coronary ischemia =

A

restricted blood supply to myocardium

42
Q

myocardial infarction =

A

localized cell death in myocardium

43
Q

bradycardia =

A

slower than normal heart rate

44
Q

tachycardia =

A

faster than normal heart rate

45
Q

venous drainage of myocardium:
1. anterior side
a. __ cardiac vein
b. __ cardiac vein

  1. posterior side
    a. __ cardiac vein
    b. __ cardiac vein
  2. Coronary sinus
    a. cardiac veins combine to form the ___ sinus
    b. coronary sinus drains into the right __
A

1a. great
1b. anterior

2a. posterior
2b. middle

3a. coronary
3b. atrium

Anatomy Exam 4 (7 decks)

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