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Final > Lecture 23 Digestive diseases > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Digestive diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main portal of entry for digestive infections?

A

Mouth Oral - Fecal Route

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2
Q

What are common reservoirs digestive infections?

A

Human and Animals

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3
Q

What are the main vehicles of transmission digestive infections?

A

Fecal Oral route Vehicles : contaminate Food and water

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4
Q

Mouth digestive system Function

A

Grind food w/ saliva to break down food

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5
Q

Esophagus digestive system Function

A

Transports threw peristalsis(muscle that squeezes to move food)

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6
Q

Stomach digestive system Function

A

Treat of acid churns and mixes (breaks down food)

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7
Q

Small intestine digestive system Function

A

Absorption into blood stream (alkaline environment) long length 30 ft. long and large surface area

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8
Q

Large intestine digestive system Function

A

Absorbs water out of food and stores shite smaller but big diameter

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9
Q

Salivary glands digestive system Function(TEST)

A

(HYDROLISIS RXN) dumps saliva in mouth help mechical and chemical breakdown of starch with AMYLASE

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10
Q

Pancreas digestive system Function

A

Releases enzymes to help digestion

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11
Q

Liver digestive system Function

A

Detox organ that neutralizes toxins produces bile that break down fats and vitamins(large)

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12
Q

What defenses do our bodies have to protect against digestive tract infections? (5)

A

1)Shedding of cells in oral cavity 2)Mucous membranes 3) Normal Flora 4) Antimicrobial substances 5)IgA antibodies

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13
Q

Dental Caries

A

Cavities

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14
Q

Etiology Dental Caries

A

Streptococcus spp. (S mutants) Gram + cocci) and Lactobacillus (gram + rods)

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15
Q

Pathogenesis Dental Caries 4

A

1)Bacteria attach to teeth using capsules 2)S. mutants splits sucrose into glucose + fructose 3)Sucrose -> glucans -> biofilm (plaque)4) Fructose -> lactic acid -> dissolves enamel

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16
Q

Dental Caries Symptoms 4

A

Pain; Discoloration ;Roughness ;Breakage during chewing

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17
Q

Dental Caries Epidemiology (risks) 3

A

Diet high in Sucrose; Age; Genetics

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18
Q

Dental Caries Treatment

A

Filling and Root canal

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19
Q

Dental Caries Prevention

A

Sealants in children; Diet; Oral Hygiene; Fluoride

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20
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Gum disease

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21
Q

Periodontal disease Etiology

A

Hundreds of different bacteria

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22
Q

Periodontal disease Pathogenesis 3

A

1) Form plaque at gum-tooth junctions 2)Calculus (tartar) with calcium salts 3) Gingivitis initially 4) Later periodontitis

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23
Q

Periodontal disease Epidemiology

A

Age

24
Q

Periodontal disease Treatment

A

Deep cleaning; gingival flap surgery; antibiotics

25
Q

Periodontal disease Possible complications

A

Endocarditis if heart disease is present(bacterial grow on heart ; Beta hemolytic streptococci

26
Q

Bacterial Gastroenteritis Stats

A

1)1/5 children in developing countries die of diarrhea before they are 5. 2)Gastroenteritis: general term for illnesses that include diarrhea; vomiting; loss of appetite; nausea AKA stomach ‘flu’

27
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis

A

Lower Digestive Tract Diseases

28
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Etiology

A

E Coli Gram - Rod Different Stains but two are Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)(travelers diarrhea) and Shiga-Toxin Producing (STEC)(food born can die from kidney failure)

29
Q

Diarrhea v. dysentery

A

Three bowel movements Vs. Blood in the poop

30
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

A

Depends on virulence factors

31
Q

Transmission of Bacterial Gastroenteritis

A

Fecal Oral Route(Food/Water) rarely person to person

32
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Symptoms

A

V/D; cramps; Fever

33
Q

Prevention and treatment of Bacterial Gastroenteritis

A

Antibiotics are largely ineffective for intestinal infection 2) vaccines have limited effectiveness 3) Most effective treatment Oral rehydration solution(water Glucose electrolytes)

34
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Epidemiology

A

Contaminate food (beef) or water and petting zoos

35
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Treatment

A

Fluid replacement (ivy and Oral) 2) Antibiotics 3) anti diarrheal drugs? 4) Self limiting 10 days

36
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Prevention

A

Proper sanitation; pasteurization; thorough cooking of food

37
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Possible complications

A

Hemolytic Uremic (burst of blood cells) and Enima ( kidney failure)

38
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis

A

Lower Digestive Tract Diseases

39
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis Etiology

A

Salmonella enterica ( Gram - Rod); Serotypes 3 1) Enteritidis and Typhimurium and Typhi(typhoid fever)

40
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

A

Mostly killed by acid must have many to survive stomach acid; invade Lower SI and LI; Diarrhea cause by inflammatory response

41
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis Symptoms

A

Salmonellosis (type of food poisoning) V/D fever headache cramps

42
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis Epidemiology

A

Contaminate food ( Poultry and eggs and water 2) handling of pet reptiles and birds

43
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis Treatment

A

Fluid replacement (ivy and Oral) 2) Antibiotics 3) anti diarrheal drugs? 4) Self limiting 10 days

44
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis Prevention

A

Proper sanitation; pasteurization; thorough cooking of food; attenuated vaccine for typhoid fever

45
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Etiology

A

Gram - Curved rod

46
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

A

Only need small infectious dose(500 organism ) invade SI/LI

47
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Symptoms

A

V/D fever; Cramps Dysentery

48
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Epidemiology

A

Contaminated food poultry and water. Up to 90% of raw poultry carries it 3) Leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in US

49
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Treatment

A

Fluid replacement (ivy and Oral) 2) Antibiotics 3) anti diarrheal drugs? 4) Self limiting 10 days

50
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Prevention

A

Water chlorination; milk pasteurization; proper poultry handling

51
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Possible complication

A

Guillian Barre syndrome 1/1000 cases can cause paralyze from auto immune response

52
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis Etiology

A

Rotavirus(CHILDERN/Infants) Norovirus ( IN adults

53
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

A

Kills upper SI cells

54
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis Symptoms

A

“Stomach Flu”; V/D fever and watery diarrhea

55
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis Epidemiology

A

Highly contagious; aerosolized vomit; age

56
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis Prevention

A

disinfectants; sanitation Rotavirus vaccine

57
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis Treatment

A

Same as E coli - Noro virus self limiting within 2-3 days

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