Lecture 23 Digestive diseases Flashcards by Maarten Harris

What is the main portal of entry for digestive infections?

Mouth Oral - Fecal Route

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What are common reservoirs digestive infections?

Human and Animals

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What are the main vehicles of transmission digestive infections?

Fecal Oral route Vehicles : contaminate Food and water

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Mouth digestive system Function

Grind food w/ saliva to break down food

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Esophagus digestive system Function

Transports threw peristalsis(muscle that squeezes to move food)

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Stomach digestive system Function

Treat of acid churns and mixes (breaks down food)

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Small intestine digestive system Function

Absorption into blood stream (alkaline environment) long length 30 ft. long and large surface area

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Large intestine digestive system Function

Absorbs water out of food and stores shite smaller but big diameter

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Salivary glands digestive system Function(TEST)

(HYDROLISIS RXN) dumps saliva in mouth help mechical and chemical breakdown of starch with AMYLASE

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Pancreas digestive system Function

Releases enzymes to help digestion

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Liver digestive system Function

Detox organ that neutralizes toxins produces bile that break down fats and vitamins(large)

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What defenses do our bodies have to protect against digestive tract infections? (5)

1)Shedding of cells in oral cavity 2)Mucous membranes 3) Normal Flora 4) Antimicrobial substances 5)IgA antibodies

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Dental Caries

Cavities

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Etiology Dental Caries

Streptococcus spp. (S mutants) Gram + cocci) and Lactobacillus (gram + rods)

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Pathogenesis Dental Caries 4

1)Bacteria attach to teeth using capsules 2)S. mutants splits sucrose into glucose + fructose 3)Sucrose -> glucans -> biofilm (plaque)4) Fructose -> lactic acid -> dissolves enamel

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Dental Caries Symptoms 4

Pain; Discoloration ;Roughness ;Breakage during chewing

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Dental Caries Epidemiology (risks) 3

Diet high in Sucrose; Age; Genetics

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Dental Caries Treatment

Filling and Root canal

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Dental Caries Prevention

Sealants in children; Diet; Oral Hygiene; Fluoride

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Periodontal disease

Gum disease

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Periodontal disease Etiology

Hundreds of different bacteria

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Periodontal disease Pathogenesis 3

1) Form plaque at gum-tooth junctions 2)Calculus (tartar) with calcium salts 3) Gingivitis initially 4) Later periodontitis

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Periodontal disease Epidemiology

Age

Periodontal disease Treatment

Deep cleaning; gingival flap surgery; antibiotics

Periodontal disease Possible complications

Endocarditis if heart disease is present(bacterial grow on heart ; Beta hemolytic streptococci

Bacterial Gastroenteritis Stats

1)1/5 children in developing countries die of diarrhea before they are 5. 2)Gastroenteritis: general term for illnesses that include diarrhea; vomiting; loss of appetite; nausea AKA stomach 'flu'

E. coli gastroenteritis

Lower Digestive Tract Diseases

E. coli gastroenteritis Etiology

E Coli Gram - Rod Different Stains but two are Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)(travelers diarrhea) and Shiga-Toxin Producing (STEC)(food born can die from kidney failure)

Diarrhea v. dysentery

Three bowel movements Vs. Blood in the poop

E. coli gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

Depends on virulence factors

Transmission of Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Fecal Oral Route(Food/Water) rarely person to person

E. coli gastroenteritis Symptoms

V/D; cramps; Fever

Prevention and treatment of Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Antibiotics are largely ineffective for intestinal infection 2) vaccines have limited effectiveness 3) Most effective treatment Oral rehydration solution(water Glucose electrolytes)

E. coli gastroenteritis Epidemiology

Contaminate food (beef) or water and petting zoos

E. coli gastroenteritis Treatment

Fluid replacement (ivy and Oral) 2) Antibiotics 3) anti diarrheal drugs? 4) Self limiting 10 days

E. coli gastroenteritis Prevention

Proper sanitation; pasteurization; thorough cooking of food

E. coli gastroenteritis Possible complications

Hemolytic Uremic (burst of blood cells) and Enima ( kidney failure)

Salmonella gastroenteritis

Lower Digestive Tract Diseases

Salmonella gastroenteritis Etiology

Salmonella enterica ( Gram - Rod); Serotypes 3 1) Enteritidis and Typhimurium and Typhi(typhoid fever)

Salmonella gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

Mostly killed by acid must have many to survive stomach acid; invade Lower SI and LI; Diarrhea cause by inflammatory response

Salmonella gastroenteritis Symptoms

Salmonellosis (type of food poisoning) V/D fever headache cramps

Salmonella gastroenteritis Epidemiology

Contaminate food ( Poultry and eggs and water 2) handling of pet reptiles and birds

Salmonella gastroenteritis Treatment

Fluid replacement (ivy and Oral) 2) Antibiotics 3) anti diarrheal drugs? 4) Self limiting 10 days

Salmonella gastroenteritis Prevention

Proper sanitation; pasteurization; thorough cooking of food; attenuated vaccine for typhoid fever

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Etiology

Gram - Curved rod

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

Only need small infectious dose(500 organism ) invade SI/LI

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Symptoms

V/D fever; Cramps Dysentery

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Epidemiology

Contaminated food poultry and water. Up to 90% of raw poultry carries it 3) Leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in US

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Treatment

Fluid replacement (ivy and Oral) 2) Antibiotics 3) anti diarrheal drugs? 4) Self limiting 10 days

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Prevention

Water chlorination; milk pasteurization; proper poultry handling

Campylobacter gastroenteritis Possible complication

Guillian Barre syndrome 1/1000 cases can cause paralyze from auto immune response

Viral Gastroenteritis Etiology

Rotavirus(CHILDERN/Infants) Norovirus ( IN adults

Viral Gastroenteritis Pathogenesis

Kills upper SI cells

Viral Gastroenteritis Symptoms

"Stomach Flu"; V/D fever and watery diarrhea

Viral Gastroenteritis Epidemiology

Highly contagious; aerosolized vomit; age

Viral Gastroenteritis Prevention

disinfectants; sanitation Rotavirus vaccine

Viral Gastroenteritis Treatment

Same as E coli - Noro virus self limiting within 2-3 days