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Cell Molec > Lecture 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What gives our cells polarity?

A

an apical and basal surface

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2
Q

What is attached to the basal layer?

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

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3
Q

what two components is the ECM divided into

A

basal lamina and connective tissue

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4
Q

What attaches cells to other cells?

A

cell-adhesion molecules

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5
Q

How are cells anchored to the ECM?

A

adhesion receptors

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6
Q

what are the 5 different types of junctions?

A

tight, adherens, desmosome, hemidesmosome, gap

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7
Q

What are homophilic interactions between cell-adhesion molecules?

A

proteins on cell 1 are interacting with the same proteins on cell 2

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8
Q

What is an example of cell-adhesion molecules that interact homophilically?

A

cadherins

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9
Q

What are heterophilic interactions between cell-adhesion molecules?

A

example would be how integrins are used in attaching a cell to the ECM via fibronectin – different proteins are used unlike homophilic interactions

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10
Q

how do homophilic interactions make a strong more reinforcing interaction/structure?

A

cadherins on each cell associate with each other cis-laterally and then those cadherins attach to those on another cell (a 2-step process)

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11
Q

What are some roles of ECM?

A

inhibit/facilitate cell movement and reservoir for growth factors

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12
Q

What junctions are present in the apical-lateral surface of epithelial cells?

A

tight junctions

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13
Q

What junctions are present in the lateral surface of epithelial cells?

A

adherens, desmosomes, gap

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14
Q

Which cytoskeletal element(s) interact with adherens?

A

actin/myosin

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15
Q

Which cytoskeletal element(s) interact with desmosomes?

A

intermediate filaments

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16
Q

Which cytoskeletal element(s) interact with hemidesmosomes?

A

intermediate filaments

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17
Q

Which cytoskeletal element(s) interact with tight junctions?

A

actin filaments

18
Q

What junctions are present in the lateral-basal surface of epithelial cells?

A

hemidesmosome

19
Q

What do cadherins need to be bound to in order to function?

A

calcium

20
Q

Function of cadherins?

A

gives cells shape and tension, it can participate in cell signaling

21
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

they are a type of cadherins

22
Q

What do desmosomes attach to?

A

cytoplasmic plaque via adapter proteins

23
Q

Functions of desmosomes?

A

strength, durability, and signaling

24
Q

What do hemidesmosomes attach to?

A

integrin and ECM

25
Q

Functions of hemidesmosomes?

A

shape, rigidity, and signaling

26
Q

Functions of tight junctions?

A

important in sealing off body cavities and controlling solute flow, signaling

27
Q

What are tight junctions made of

A

3 types of transmembrane proteins (1 membrane domain or 4 membrane domains)

28
Q

What does paracellular pathway refer to?

A

refers to moving molecules in between cells

29
Q

What does transcellular pathway refer to?

A

refers to how the cell’s receptor will pick up the molecule and bring it to the other end

30
Q

function of gap junctions

A

small molecule transport, communication

31
Q

function of adherens

A

shape, tension, signaling

32
Q

Parts of basal lamina/ECM

A

fibronectin, laminin, collagen

33
Q

What is an example of hemidesmosomes?

A

integrin

34
Q

type IV collagen

A

sheet-forming collagen, major structural component of the basal lamina

35
Q

type II collagen

A

cartilage

36
Q

type I collagen

A

tendons

37
Q

proteoglycans

A

proteins that associate with a bunch of carbohydrates, cushions in connective tissues

38
Q

hyaluronan

A

resists compression, facilitates cell migration, and gives cartilage its gel-like properties

39
Q

fibronectin

A

binds with integrin connecting cells and ECM, influencing cell shape, differentiation, and movement

40
Q

function of fibronectin

A

functions in cell shape and movement

41
Q

extravasation

A

cells leave the blood stream and get into tissue

Cell Molec (16 decks)

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