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Cell Molec > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

hnRNAs

A

heterogenous nuclear RNAs in nucleus, RNA processing intermediates

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2
Q

mRNA

A

fully processed messenger RNA

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3
Q

pre-mRNA

A

no cap/AAAtail, includes introns

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4
Q

snRNA

A

5 small nuclear RNAs that help remove introns in splicing of pre-mRNA

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5
Q

pre-tRNA

A

precursor tRNA with additional bases at 5’ and 3’ ends

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6
Q

pre-rRNA

A

unmodified, uncut precursor rRNA

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7
Q

snoRNA

A

small nucleolar RNA base pair with pre-rRNA aiding in its modification and maturation

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8
Q

siRNA

A

100% complementary to mRNA involved in RNA cleavage

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9
Q

miRNA

A

not 100% complementary, prevents translation

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10
Q

Splicing was discovered in what?

A

adenoviruses

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11
Q

introns

A

size can vary but does not affect rate of splicing

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12
Q

5’ splice site

A

GU

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13
Q

3’ splice site

A

AG

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14
Q

branch point

A

A

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15
Q

polypyrimidine tract

A

CU repeats

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16
Q

invariant bases

A

5’ and 3’ splice sites (GU-AG) and branch point A

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17
Q

what reactions does splicing occur

A

2 sequential transesterification reactions

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18
Q

products of splicing

A

spliced exons, lariat intron that includes branch point A

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19
Q

snRNP

A

small nuclear ribonucleoproteins consisting of snRNA and associated proteins

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20
Q

5 U-rich snRNA

A

U1, U2, U4, U5, U6

21
Q

debranching enzyme

A

nuclear exoribonuclease converts lariat intron to linear intron

22
Q

what are the two poly-A signals

A

Upstream from poly(A) site = AU

Downstream from poly(A) site =G/U

23
Q

What helps stabilize complex of polyadenylation complex?

A

cleavage factors

24
Q

PAP Poly(A) Polymerase

A

binds to Poly A site and cleaves it

25
Q

where does ALL mRNA modification occur?

A

in nucleus

26
Q

3 types of exonuclease degradation of RNA

A

deadenylation dependent decay of mRNA, deadenylation INdependent decay of mRNA, No-Go

27
Q

mRNA exporter

A

binds to RNA and proteins and associates with proteins in the nuclear pore complex

28
Q

What interacts with the UPSTREAM Poly(A) signals

A

Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF)

29
Q

What interacts with the DOWNSTREAM Poly(A) signals

A

Cleavage Stimulatory Factor (CStF)

30
Q

when are mRNAs marked for degradation

A

when they are not translated

31
Q

Where does deadenylation-dependent mRNA degradation occur?

A

P-bodies - sites in the cell where there are NO ribosomes present but high concentration of mRNA decay enzymes

32
Q

Deadenylase complex

A

breaks off interactions between PABPC and eIF4E and removes A’s from tail

33
Q

decapping enzyme complex

A

removes 5’ cap

34
Q

exonuclease

A

chops up RNA

35
Q

mTOR

A

a protein kinase that responds to multiple signals including nutritional

36
Q

how does the mTOR pathway get triggered

A

growth factor binds to cell which activates mTOR to grow = decreases autophagy

37
Q

What are the dsRNA-binding proteins involved in miRNA processing

A

DGCR8 (in nucleus) and TRBP (in cytosol)

38
Q

Where is Drosha and Pasha and what is Drosha?

A

In the nucleus, Drosha is an endoribonuclease

39
Q

What does Dicer do?

A

Further cuts pre-miRNA

40
Q

Function of RISC

A

binds to one of the dsRNA strands to prevent translation

41
Q

What is mTORC?

A

mTOR bound to a protein

42
Q

Active mTORC

A

protein synthesis, activates polymerases, decreases autophagy

43
Q

Inactive mTORC

A

low levels of nutrients and energy, stress responses

44
Q

Iron response element binding protein (IRE-BP)

A

activated = hinders translation of ferritin mRNA to control concentrations of iron

45
Q

NoGo decay

A

mRNA contains a damaged base that causes a strong structure within mRNA (i.e.: hairpin loop) = cannot undergo translation

46
Q

where does rRNA get processed?

A

nucleolus

47
Q

rRNA processing purpose?

A

cut rRNA to correct size snoRNA via exonuclease due to base pairing with rRNA

48
Q

what is involved in rDNA splicing?

A

U3

Cell Molec (16 decks)

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