Lecture 22

Question 1

To avoid multiple copies being inserted, – are used

Answer 1

P elements

Question 2

Replace – gene with gene of interest

Answer 2

transposase

Question 3

Provide transposase on a –

Answer 3

second plasmid

Question 4

Use – to identify transgenic flies

Answer 4

eye color marker

Question 5

Inject both plasmids into region of embryo that forms –

Answer 5

germ cells

Question 6

AquAdvantage salmon are triploid female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Triploidy render salmon –

Answer 6

sterile

Question 7

In order to knock-out a gene, must have – at site of endogenous gene

Answer 7

homologous recombination

Question 8

In yeast this is the most common event when transforming with linear DNA

Answer 8

knock-outs

Question 9

All other organisms (except yeast, bacteria, and fungi) favor – recombination and form concatamers of insert

Answer 9

illegitimate

Question 10

Mouse Knockouts are done using – cells

Answer 10

embryonic stem

Question 11

ES cells are isolated from the –, which is the part of a blastocyst that forms the embryo.

Answer 11

inner cell mass (ICM)

Question 12

Once isolated, ES cells can be grown on – for several generations (but not forever).

Answer 12

dishes

Question 13

During the first four cleavages, all embryonic cells are –

Answer 13

totipotent

Question 14

Two embryos can be put together to make a – mouse

Answer 14

chimeric

Question 15

For transformed mouse cells to survive, they must acquire the positive marker and must –

Answer 15

lose the negative marker

Question 16

Transgenic plants are usually made with the help of –, a bacterium that causes crown gall disease

Answer 16

Agrobacterium

Question 17

Naturally found – move from the bacterium into the plant cell by a mechanism similar to conjugation

Answer 17

Ti plasmids

Question 18

A region of the plasmid, –, is a transposable element that inserts randomly into the genome, but leaves behind all enzymes required for its future movement

Answer 18

T DNA

Question 19

T/F: Normally tumor production enzymes are moved with the T DNA

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Recombinant Ti plasmids remove the tumor production enzymes and insert genes of interest between the –

Answer 20

ends of the T DNA

Question 21

using agrobacterium requires – plasmids

Answer 21

2

Question 22

transgenic plants usage: – at random with T-DNAs containing selectable markers

Answer 22

Disrupt genes (knockouts)

Question 23

common usage of transgenic plants: – new or modified transgenes

Answer 23

introduce

Question 24

another use of transgenic plants is to introduce – genes into plants

Answer 24

fusion

Question 25

One of the most common alterations of domesticated crops: --

Answer 25

polyploidy

Question 26

- Treat seeds with mutagen - Plant - Select new characteristics

Answer 26

random mutagenesis

Question 27

- Crossing plants | - Select new characteristics

Answer 27

selective breeding

Question 28

T/F: random mutagenesis and selective breeding are GMOs

Answer 28

false

Question 29

Any plant or animal whose genome has been modified by genetic engineering

Answer 29

Genetically modified organism

Question 30

T/F: All transgenic, knock-out and gene replacements are considered genetic engineering

Answer 30

true

Question 31

T/F: Because of anti-GMO movement golden rice has never come to market

Answer 31

true

Question 32

``` Of all GMO -- soybeans 23% corn 11% cotton 6% canola ```

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

An agrobacterium resistant to glyphosate was isolated led to -- usage of this herbicide which kills all other plants and bacteria

Answer 33

heavy

Question 34

BT-crops -- spraying

Answer 34

decreases

Question 35

Bt proteins have high -- for insects – unlike broad spectrum insecticides

Answer 35

specificity

Question 36

-- crops or interspersing crops that use other insecticidal proteins would prevent resistant insects from becoming a problem.

Answer 36

Alternating