Lecture 21: The CNS- Integration Flashcards

1
Q

Three broad reflex “systems”

A

Sensory, Cognitive. Behavioral-State

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2
Q

Sensory Reflex System

A

Monitors internal and external environments, initiates reflex response

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3
Q

Cognitive Reflex System

A

Initiates voluntary responses

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4
Q

Behavioral-State Reflex System

A

Governs sleep-wake cycles and other intrinsic behaviors

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5
Q

Three steps of integration

A

Sensation, Association, Motor output

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6
Q

Where can the simplest reflexes be integrated in?

A

Spinal Cord

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7
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Somatosensory (touch, temp, pain, itch, etc.)

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8
Q

What are some other brain regions for special sensory information?

A

Visual cortex (OL), auditory cortex (TL), olfactory cortex (TL), gustatory cortex (IL)

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9
Q

Perception

A

Interpretation of sensory information, what association areas integrate sensory information into

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10
Q

Three types of motor responses

A

Skeletal, neural endocrine signals, visceral

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11
Q

Skeletal motor output response

A

Primary motor cortex, Somatic division

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12
Q

Neural Endocrine Signals

A

Coordinated in hypothalamus, ANS

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13
Q

Visceral

A

Coordinated in hypothalamus and medulla

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14
Q

Sensory Homunculus

A

Represents the amount fo cortical tissue devoted to each area

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15
Q

What do behavioral states influence?

A

Motor Output

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16
Q

What makes us sleepy?

A

Factors in CSF, Adenosine molecules suppress wakefulness neurons

17
Q

Why do we sleep?

A

Rest and repair, process memories, clear waste from CSF

18
Q

What is the center of emotion?

A

Limbic system (especially amygdala)

19
Q

Motivation

A

Internal signals that shape voluntary behaviors (eating, drinking, curiosity)

20
Q

What is pleasure and addictive behaviors linked to?

21
Q

Moods

A

Longer lasting than emotions, related to one’s sense of well being

22
Q

Two types of learning

A

Associative, Non-associative

23
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Two stimuli at the same time, response first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone

24
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Rewards and punishment for behaviors

25
Implicit/ Procedural Memory
Physical skills and habits. Move from cerebrum to cerebellum
26
Explicit/ Declarative Memory
Facts acquired during life and autobiographical episodes of our experiences
27
Engrams
Memory Trace
28
What determines that a engram will strengthen?
Nature, intensity, and frequency of original stimulus; Drugs that stimulate CNS (caffeine, nicotine) may enhance memory consolidation and engram strengthening
29
Alzheimer's disease
Degeneration of brain, characterized by memory problems, intellectual deterioration
30
Language skills pathway
Sensation, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, motor output
31
Damage to Wernicke's Area
Receptive aphasia; no comprehension
32
Damage to Broca's Area
Expressive aphasia; comprehend, not speak