Lecture 21: Diuretics Flashcards
where do loop diuretics act
Thick ascending loop of henle on the NKCC2 transporter
The thick ascending loop of henle is impermeable to ___
Water
What ions are reabsorbed in thick ascending LOH
Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+
What type of diuretic is furosemide
Loop diuretic
What are the pharmacodynamics of furosemide
Acts on thick ascending LOH, inhibits NKCC and reduces Na+ reabsorption
Loop diuretics increase the excretion of __ and ___
Mg2+ and Ca2+
Loop diuretics cause __kalemia and what does it do to pH
Hypokalemia, and alkalosis
How do loop diuretics cause hypokalemia
Na+ load is greater at CD and therefore the exchange between Na+ reabsorption and K+ loss is greater
Loop diuretics cause __kalemia __chloremic alkalosis
Hypokalemia hypochloremic alkalosis
Loop diuretics induce synthesis of __ which causes vasodilation
Prostaglandin
What do loop diuretics primarily relieve and how
Pulmonary congestion by increasing systemic venous capacitance/vasodilating via PG synthesis
What species is furosemide labeled for
Dogs, cats, horses and cattle
Furosemide is the drug of choice for ___
Rapid mobilization of edema fluid
Furosemide increases Ca2+ excretion and therefore is used in the treatment of __ and ___ in dogs and cats
Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuric nephropathy in dogs and cats
What does furosemide prevent in race horses and how
Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage and epitaxis via vasodilatory effects of PG synthesis
What are some furosemide related toxicity symptoms
- Abnormalities in fluid and electrolytes
- hypokalemia
- hypocalcemia
- hypomagnesemia
- hyperuricemia
- hypovolemia
- hyponatremia
hypokalemia induced furosemide diuresis potentiates ___ toxicity
digoxin