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Pharmacology > Lecture 11: Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the efferent NS

A

Somatic and autonomic

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2
Q

What does the somatic NS do

A

Controls conscious movements, pertains to movement and posture

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3
Q

What does the autonomic NS do

A

Unconsciously controlled, pertains to control of viscera, maintains physiological homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the main NT in the sympathetic NS

A

Noradrenaline

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5
Q

What is the main NT in the PNS

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

Where do PNS preganglionic fibers originate

A

Medulla, brain stem and sacral intumescence

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7
Q

PNS preganglionic fibers are ___ while post-ganglionic fibers are ___

A

Long, short

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8
Q

What is the most important PNS nerve

A

Vagus, CN X

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9
Q

SNS or PNS: craniosacral efferent

A

PNS

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10
Q

SNS or PNS: thoracolumbar efferents

A

SNS

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11
Q

SNS preganglionic fibers are __ while Postganglionic fibers are ___

A

Short, long

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12
Q

Preganglionic neurons leave the spinal cord and terminate in the ___

A

Paravertebral chain

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13
Q

What does the paravertebral chain allow for in terms of transmission

A

Rapid, coordinated transmission through entire sympathetic system

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14
Q

What is the only endogenous NT that stimulates the PNS

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

T or F: acetylcholine acts in both the SNS and PNS

A

True

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16
Q

T or F: epinephrine/adrenaline act in both the PNS and SNS

A

False, exclusively in SNS

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17
Q

What are the 3 endogenous NT in the SNS

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Norepinephrine
  3. Dopamine
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18
Q

What are the Nm receptors

A

Receptors stimulated by acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction

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19
Q

Where are the Nn receptors

A
  1. Postsynaptic ganglionic junctions
  2. adrenal medulla
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20
Q

Muscarinic receptors are present in all SNS or PNS post synaptic junctions

A

PNS

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21
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located in SNS post synaptic junctions

A

Sweat glands

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22
Q

What species does not have muscarinic receptors in their sweat glands and what NT acts on their receptors

A

Horses, NE acts

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23
Q

Where are alpha1 receptors found

A

Vasculature, GI tract, trigone of urinary bladder, spleen, piloerector muscles, male genitalia

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24
Q

Where are alpha 2 receptors found

A

Sympathetic pre-synaptic nerve terminals
Some endothelium, platelets, pancreatic islets and kidneys

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25
Where are B1 receptors found
Heart, GI tract, urinary bladder, kidney and uterus
26
Where are B2 receptors found
Bronchioles, Heart, vasculature, liver, pancreas, sympathetic, pre-synaptic nerve terminals and fat cells
27
NE is released from majority of ___ganglionic SNS nerves
Post ganglionic
28
NE primarily stimulates what receptor
Alpha1 with a little bit of B1
29
Where is epinephrine released from
Adrenal medulla, circulates blood acts more like a hormone
30
Where can epinephrine act
Nerve terminals or directly on vasculature
31
What receptors does epinephrine stimulate
Alpha and beta receptors
32
What does high dose dopamine activate
Alpha receptors
33
What does a medium dose of dopamine activate
Cardiac B1 receptors- increase HR and contractility
34
What does a low dose of dopamine activate
DA receptors in renal vasculature, vasodilation
35
SNS or PNS: maintains blood pressure
sympathetic
36
Normally there is no ___stimulation to the vasculature, except…
PNS, except the uninnervated M receptors that can be activated by M receptor agonist (ex: bethenacol)
37
What receptors does SNS stimulation of skin and reservoir veins activate and what is the result
Alpha1- vasoconstriction (increase BP)
38
What receptors does SNS stimulate of skeletal muscle activate
B2, alpha 1
39
What receptor does NE activate in Skeletal muscle and what is the result
Activates alpha1, vasoconstriction
40
What receptors does high dose epinephrine act in skeletal muscle and what is the result
Alpha 1, vasoconstriction
41
What does low dose epinephrine act on and what is the result
B2, vasodilation
42
What receptors does SNS stimulation of visceral and renal blood vessels activate
Alpha1, DA, and B2
43
What receptor does NE act on in visceral and renal blood vessels and what is the result
Alpha1, vasoconstriction
44
What does high dose epinephrine do to blood vessels in visceral and renal
Vasoconstriction, acts on alpha 1
45
What does low does epinephrine do to blood vessels in viscera and renal
B2, vasodilation
46
What does low dose dopamine do to vessels in renal system and viscera and what receptors
Acts on DA receptors, vasodilation
47
What does high dose dopamine act on in visceral and renal system and what receptors
Acts on alpha1, vasoconstrict
48
How does the PNS system impact the cardiovascular system
Decreases HR via the vagus nerve and therefore decreases CO
49
what does stimulation of alpha1 do to the CV system
Increase peripheral vascular resistance via vasoconstriction and BP
50
What does stimulation of B2 do to CV system
Decrease peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation and decrease BP
51
What does B1 stimulation do to cardiac output and how does this work
Increase cardiac output by increase contractility and HR
52
What does NE administration do to BP and HR
Increase BP and slight initial increase in HR then decrease via baroreceptor reflex
53
Can you feel the difference in increase BP after administration of NE
Not always, if the systolic and diastolic difference is equal
54
What receptor does NE mainly act on
Alpha 1 (little bit of beta1)
55
Describe how the baroreceptor reflex works in an increased BP
1. Increased BP perceived by baroreceptor in aortic arch and carotid artery 2. Afferent inputs sent to medulla 3. Decrease SNS and increase PNS activity 4. Decrease HR and CO
56
What nerve innervates the PNS division of the respiratory system
vagus
57
What receptors are located in the PNS division of the respiratory system and what is the result of stimulation
M receptors, if stimulated cause bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion
58
What receptors are in the SNS division of respiratory system and what is the result of stimulation
B2 receptors, bronchodilation
59
What nerve stimulates salivary glands in PNS division of GI
Facial nerve
60
What is the role of vagus nerve in PNS division of GI
Relax sphincters, stimulate GI motility and gastric acid secretion
61
What is the role of SNS division in GI
Reduce salivary secretions, reduce GI motility and gastric acid secretions. Contract urinary sphincter
62
How does SNS stimulation of GI impact glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Increases
63
___secretion of pancreatic acinar cells and ___ secretion of islet cells in SNS division of GI
Decrease, increase
64
What is the PNS control over GU system
Erection, relax urinary sphincter at trigone and contract urinary bladder Fundus
65
What is the role of the SNS system in GU
Uterine contractions, ejaculation, increase renin secretion, contracts urinary sphincter and relax fundus
66
What does the PNS system do to the eyes
Increase tear formation, contract ciliary muscles to accommodate for near field, miosis
67
The PNS system opens the anterior chamber angle of the eye, what is the result of this action
Increases outflow of aqueous humor through the canal of schlemn and decreases IOP
68
What do the alpha receptors do in SNS division of eye
Cause mydriasis
69
What do the Beta receptors do in SNS division of the eyes
Increase aqueous humor production and increase IOP Relax cilary muscles causing accommodation for far field
70
What is the role of alpha receptors in the spleen
Contract
71
What is the role of B2 receptors in the spleen
Relaxation
72
What type of secretion do sweat glands have (what NT)
Cholinergic in most species **B2 mediated in horses with NE
73
What receptors mediate contraction int he piloerector muscles
Alpha

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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