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Pharmacology > Lecture 11: Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the efferent NS

A

Somatic and autonomic

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2
Q

What does the somatic NS do

A

Controls conscious movements, pertains to movement and posture

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3
Q

What does the autonomic NS do

A

Unconsciously controlled, pertains to control of viscera, maintains physiological homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the main NT in the sympathetic NS

A

Noradrenaline

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5
Q

What is the main NT in the PNS

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

Where do PNS preganglionic fibers originate

A

Medulla, brain stem and sacral intumescence

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7
Q

PNS preganglionic fibers are ___ while post-ganglionic fibers are ___

A

Long, short

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8
Q

What is the most important PNS nerve

A

Vagus, CN X

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9
Q

SNS or PNS: craniosacral efferent

A

PNS

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10
Q

SNS or PNS: thoracolumbar efferents

A

SNS

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11
Q

SNS preganglionic fibers are __ while Postganglionic fibers are ___

A

Short, long

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12
Q

Preganglionic neurons leave the spinal cord and terminate in the ___

A

Paravertebral chain

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13
Q

What does the paravertebral chain allow for in terms of transmission

A

Rapid, coordinated transmission through entire sympathetic system

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14
Q

What is the only endogenous NT that stimulates the PNS

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

T or F: acetylcholine acts in both the SNS and PNS

A

True

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16
Q

T or F: epinephrine/adrenaline act in both the PNS and SNS

A

False, exclusively in SNS

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17
Q

What are the 3 endogenous NT in the SNS

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Norepinephrine
  3. Dopamine
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18
Q

What are the Nm receptors

A

Receptors stimulated by acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction

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19
Q

Where are the Nn receptors

A
  1. Postsynaptic ganglionic junctions
  2. adrenal medulla
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20
Q

Muscarinic receptors are present in all SNS or PNS post synaptic junctions

A

PNS

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21
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located in SNS post synaptic junctions

A

Sweat glands

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22
Q

What species does not have muscarinic receptors in their sweat glands and what NT acts on their receptors

A

Horses, NE acts

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23
Q

Where are alpha1 receptors found

A

Vasculature, GI tract, trigone of urinary bladder, spleen, piloerector muscles, male genitalia

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24
Q

Where are alpha 2 receptors found

A

Sympathetic pre-synaptic nerve terminals
Some endothelium, platelets, pancreatic islets and kidneys

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25
Q

Where are B1 receptors found

A

Heart, GI tract, urinary bladder, kidney and uterus

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26
Q

Where are B2 receptors found

A

Bronchioles, Heart, vasculature, liver, pancreas, sympathetic, pre-synaptic nerve terminals and fat cells

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27
Q

NE is released from majority of ___ganglionic SNS nerves

A

Post ganglionic

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28
Q

NE primarily stimulates what receptor

A

Alpha1 with a little bit of B1

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29
Q

Where is epinephrine released from

A

Adrenal medulla, circulates blood acts more like a hormone

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30
Q

Where can epinephrine act

A

Nerve terminals or directly on vasculature

31
Q

What receptors does epinephrine stimulate

A

Alpha and beta receptors

32
Q

What does high dose dopamine activate

A

Alpha receptors

33
Q

What does a medium dose of dopamine activate

A

Cardiac B1 receptors- increase HR and contractility

34
Q

What does a low dose of dopamine activate

A

DA receptors in renal vasculature, vasodilation

35
Q

SNS or PNS: maintains blood pressure

A

sympathetic

36
Q

Normally there is no ___stimulation to the vasculature, except…

A

PNS, except the uninnervated M receptors that can be activated by M receptor agonist (ex: bethenacol)

37
Q

What receptors does SNS stimulation of skin and reservoir veins activate and what is the result

A

Alpha1- vasoconstriction (increase BP)

38
Q

What receptors does SNS stimulate of skeletal muscle activate

A

B2, alpha 1

39
Q

What receptor does NE activate in Skeletal muscle and what is the result

A

Activates alpha1, vasoconstriction

40
Q

What receptors does high dose epinephrine act in skeletal muscle and what is the result

A

Alpha 1, vasoconstriction

41
Q

What does low dose epinephrine act on and what is the result

A

B2, vasodilation

42
Q

What receptors does SNS stimulation of visceral and renal blood vessels activate

A

Alpha1, DA, and B2

43
Q

What receptor does NE act on in visceral and renal blood vessels and what is the result

A

Alpha1, vasoconstriction

44
Q

What does high dose epinephrine do to blood vessels in visceral and renal

A

Vasoconstriction, acts on alpha 1

45
Q

What does low does epinephrine do to blood vessels in viscera and renal

A

B2, vasodilation

46
Q

What does low dose dopamine do to vessels in renal system and viscera and what receptors

A

Acts on DA receptors, vasodilation

47
Q

What does high dose dopamine act on in visceral and renal system and what receptors

A

Acts on alpha1, vasoconstrict

48
Q

How does the PNS system impact the cardiovascular system

A

Decreases HR via the vagus nerve and therefore decreases CO

49
Q

what does stimulation of alpha1 do to the CV system

A

Increase peripheral vascular resistance via vasoconstriction and BP

50
Q

What does stimulation of B2 do to CV system

A

Decrease peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation and decrease BP

51
Q

What does B1 stimulation do to cardiac output and how does this work

A

Increase cardiac output by increase contractility and HR

52
Q

What does NE administration do to BP and HR

A

Increase BP and slight initial increase in HR then decrease via baroreceptor reflex

53
Q

Can you feel the difference in increase BP after administration of NE

A

Not always, if the systolic and diastolic difference is equal

54
Q

What receptor does NE mainly act on

A

Alpha 1 (little bit of beta1)

55
Q

Describe how the baroreceptor reflex works in an increased BP

A
  1. Increased BP perceived by baroreceptor in aortic arch and carotid artery
  2. Afferent inputs sent to medulla
  3. Decrease SNS and increase PNS activity
  4. Decrease HR and CO
56
Q

What nerve innervates the PNS division of the respiratory system

A

vagus

57
Q

What receptors are located in the PNS division of the respiratory system and what is the result of stimulation

A

M receptors, if stimulated cause bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion

58
Q

What receptors are in the SNS division of respiratory system and what is the result of stimulation

A

B2 receptors, bronchodilation

59
Q

What nerve stimulates salivary glands in PNS division of GI

A

Facial nerve

60
Q

What is the role of vagus nerve in PNS division of GI

A

Relax sphincters, stimulate GI motility and gastric acid secretion

61
Q

What is the role of SNS division in GI

A

Reduce salivary secretions, reduce GI motility and gastric acid secretions. Contract urinary sphincter

62
Q

How does SNS stimulation of GI impact glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

A

Increases

63
Q

___secretion of pancreatic acinar cells and ___ secretion of islet cells in SNS division of GI

A

Decrease, increase

64
Q

What is the PNS control over GU system

A

Erection, relax urinary sphincter at trigone and contract urinary bladder Fundus

65
Q

What is the role of the SNS system in GU

A

Uterine contractions, ejaculation, increase renin secretion, contracts urinary sphincter and relax fundus

66
Q

What does the PNS system do to the eyes

A

Increase tear formation, contract ciliary muscles to accommodate for near field, miosis

67
Q

The PNS system opens the anterior chamber angle of the eye, what is the result of this action

A

Increases outflow of aqueous humor through the canal of schlemn and decreases IOP

68
Q

What do the alpha receptors do in SNS division of eye

A

Cause mydriasis

69
Q

What do the Beta receptors do in SNS division of the eyes

A

Increase aqueous humor production and increase IOP

Relax cilary muscles causing accommodation for far field

70
Q

What is the role of alpha receptors in the spleen

A

Contract

71
Q

What is the role of B2 receptors in the spleen

A

Relaxation

72
Q

What type of secretion do sweat glands have (what NT)

A

Cholinergic in most species

**B2 mediated in horses with NE

73
Q

What receptors mediate contraction int he piloerector muscles

A

Alpha

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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