Lecture 21 (Cerebellum)

Question 1

Role of cerebellum

Answer 1

Motor functions
modulates:
- Balance
- Coordination of posture and limbs
- Learned movements and motor planning
Cognitive functions

Question 2

Lobes cerebellum

Answer 2

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Flocculonodular

Question 3

Functional regions cerebellum

Answer 3

• Spinocerebellum
• Cerebrocerebellum
• Vestibulocerebellum

Question 4

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 4

• Oldest (archicerebellum)
• Maintenance of balance
• Coordination of eye movement

Question 5

Spinocerebellum

Answer 5

• Made of vermis and region lateral to vermis (paravermis / intermediate hemispheres)
• Also called paleocerebellum
  Vermis:
• modulates muscle tone / postural adjustments
• intermedial coordination of voluntary movements
• modulates movements long axis of body
  Intermediate hemispheres:
• modulate muscle activity in the limbs

Question 6

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 6

• Planning of sequential movements of entire body
• Conscious assessment of movement error
• Range of cognitive non-motor functions
• Also called neocerebellum

Question 7

Arbor vitae

Answer 7

White matter cerebellum
- “tree of life”
- Bring sensory and motor info to and from cerebellum

Question 8

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 8

From middle to side
- Fastigial nucleus
- Interposed nucleus (2x)
- Dentate nucleus

Question 9

What is clinically worse: lesion to cortex or deep nuclei?

Answer 9

Deep nuclei

Question 10

Vestibulocerebellum - input

Answer 10

Vestibular labyrinth as well as visual and auditory information

Question 11

Vestibulocerebellum - output

Answer 11

Projects directly into vestibular nuclei to regulate vestibular reflexes
- Balance
- Head-eye coordination

Question 12

Spinocerebellum - input

Answer 12

• Proprioceptive and tactile information from dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts
• All trigeminal nuclei
• Cuneate nucleus
• Inferior olivary nucleus

Question 13

Cerebrocerebellum - input

Answer 13

• Sensory and motor cerebral cortex
• Association cortex
• Limbic, visual and auditory

Info is first projected to the pontine nucleus
Second neuron projects via middle cerebellar peduncle to lateral hemispheres of cerebellar cortex

Question 14

Cerebrocerbellum - output

Answer 14

First project to dentate nucleus which in turn projects to
- Motor cortex
- Red nucleus

Question 15

Layers cerebellar cortex

Answer 15

1. Molecular layer
2. Purkinje cell
3. Granule cell