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BIOS2171 > Lecture 19 + 20 (Blood Supply) > Flashcards

Lecture 19 + 20 (Blood Supply) Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial systems

A
  • Common carotid artery (thick)
  • Vertebral artery (thin)
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2
Q

Common carotid

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • external carotid artery
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3
Q

Internal carotid

A

Enter cranium through carotid canal of temporal bone, through dura mater and into arachnoid at base of brain
- Ophthalmic artery
- Anterior choroidal artery
- Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
- Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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4
Q

Vertebral-basilar system

A

Branches supply blood to spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum

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5
Q

Basilar artery

A
  • Supplies brainstem and cerebellum
  • Distal blood flow to thalami and medial temporal and parietal lobes
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6
Q

Circle of Willis (CoW)

A

Found around optic chiasma and pituitary gland
- 2 internal carotid arteries (ICAs)
- horizontal segments of anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs)
- anterior communicating artery (ACommA)
- 2 posterior communicating arteries (PCommAs)
- horizontal segments of both posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs)
- basilar artery (BA)

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7
Q

Vessels arise from the CoW

A
  • anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs)
  • middle cerebral arteries (MCAs)
  • posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs)
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8
Q

Anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)

A
  • Pre- and supplementary motor cortex
  • M1 and S1 relating to lower limbs
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Anterior 2/3 of corpus callosum
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9
Q

Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

A
  • Pre- and supplementary motor cortex
  • M1 and S1 relating to upper limbs, head and face
  • Broca area
  • Primary auditory area
  • Wernicke area
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10
Q

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

A
  • Primary and association visual cortex
  • Inferior temporal gyrus
  • Limbic structures, uncus, hippocampus
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11
Q

Blood supply to the brainstem

A

Range of vessels

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12
Q

Blood supply cerebellum

A

Top: superior branch basilar artery (SCA)
Middle: caudal branch of basilar artery (AICA)
Bottom: branch of vertebral artery (PICA)
Pontine branches

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13
Q

Blood route

A

Heart - Aorta - Large artery - Small artery - Arteriole - Capillaries - Venule - Vein - Vena Cava (Superior for brain route) - Heart

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14
Q

Cerebrovascular disorder

A
  • Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) or strokes
    – ischaemic (85%) (block in blood flow)
    – haemorrhagic (15%) (break in blood vessel)
  • Aneurysm
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15
Q

Thrombosis

A

Obstruction blood vessel caused by locally forming blood clot

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16
Q

Embolism

A

Obstruction blood vessel caused by embolus formed elsewhere

17
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Collection of blood below inner layer of dura but external to arachnoid and brain
- Most common type of traumatic intracranial mass lesion

18
Q

Cerebral/intracranial aneurysms

A

A local balloon-like dilation of an artery
- Congenital defect or result of disease that weaken arterial wall
- Eventually rupturing and bleeding (subarachnoid space)

BIOS2171 (10 decks)

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