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BIOS2171 > Lecture 18 (Corticospinal) > Flashcards

Lecture 18 (Corticospinal) Flashcards

1
Q

M1

A

Primary motor cortex

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2
Q

CST

A

Corticospinal tract

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3
Q

PMC

A

Premotor cortex

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4
Q

SMA

A

Supplementary motor area

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5
Q

BA

A

Brodman’s area

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6
Q

MC

A

Motor cortex

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7
Q

RF

A

Reticular formation

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8
Q

SC

A

Spinal cord

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9
Q

SS ctx

A

Somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

m.

A

Muscle

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11
Q

LCST

A

Lateral CST

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12
Q

VCST

A

Ventral CST

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13
Q

FF

A

Feedforward

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14
Q

FB

A

Feedback

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15
Q

p/w

A

Pathway

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16
Q

Mvt

A

Movement

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17
Q

M1 location

A

Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe - BA4

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18
Q

M1 cells

A

Pyramidal cells (layer V)

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19
Q

M1 projections

A

Afferent projections from PMC & SMA
- predominantly ipsilateral
Afferents also from 1* sensory cortex
Basal nuclei & cerebellum function as “consultants”

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20
Q

M1 functions

A
  • Mvts coordinated by M1 & BA 6
  • Simple muscle contraction combinations
  • BA 6 helps combine those combinations into complex mvts
21
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

Somatotopic representation of complete body musculature

22
Q

PMC - input

A

Sensory areas of parietal cortex

23
Q

PMC - output

A

M1 & spinal cord

24
Q

PMC - function

A

Involved in control of proximal limb - used to position arm for movement tasks

25
Q

Supplementary Motor Area

A

Contains complete map of body musculature

26
Q

SMA - function

A

Planning & learning complex, internally generated movements
- Blood flow increases even if movement is mentally rehearsed
- Bilateral movements are produced

27
Q

SMA - input

A

Parietal lobe

28
Q

SMA - output

A

M1 & spinal cord

29
Q

Posterior Parietal Cortex

A

BA 5 & 7

30
Q

Posterior Parietal Cortex - function

A

Carries out background computation
BA 5 - receives input from somatosensory & vestibular systems
BA 7 - processes visual info related to location of objects in space

31
Q

Posterior Parietal Cortex - output

A

SMA & PMA
- few BS & spinal cord projections

32
Q

Pyramidal system

A

Descending pathway from motor cortex
- UMN and LMN
- Corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts

33
Q

Functional divisions motor system

A
  • direct activation p/w
  • indirect activation p/w
  • control circuits
  • final common p/w
34
Q

Corticospinal p/w

A
  • Corticonuclear tracts
  • Lateral CS tracts
  • Anterior CS tracts
35
Q

Medial p/w

A
  • Vestibulospinal tracts
  • Tectospinal tracts
  • Reticulospinal tracts
36
Q

Lateral p/w

A
  • Rubrospinal tracts
37
Q

CST

A

Corticospinal Tract
- Corona radiata
- Internal capsule
- Cerebral peduncle of the midbrain
- Pontine nuclei
- Decussation at the medulla
- Uncrossed: anterior corticospinal tract (ACST)
- Crossed: lateral corticospinal tract (LCST)

38
Q

LCST

A
  • Terminates in ventral horn or intermediate gray matter
  • Topographically organized
  • Fractionation of movement
  • Influence exerted depend on # of synapses
39
Q

ACST

A
  • Terminates on MN or interneurons in medial region of ventral horn or intermediate gray matter
  • Affects activity of MN for axial muscles
40
Q

How is voluntary movement accurate?

A

Tactile, visual, proprioceptive information

41
Q

Corticonuclear Tracts

A
  • Bilateral projection: UMN descend bilaterally, majority fibers project to contralateral LMN
  • Except for to the facial motor nucleus
42
Q

Facial nucleus

A

Upper face: both crossed and uncrossed corticobulbar input
Lower face: only crossed corticobulbar input

43
Q

Motor Cortex - nuclei

A
  • Tectum: mainly contralateral, tectospinal
  • Red nucleus: mainly contralateral, rubrospinal
  • Reticular formation: bilateral projection, reticulospinal
  • Vestibular nuclei: mainly ipsilateral, vestibulospinal
44
Q

Positive vs. negative signs

A

negative: loss of capacity
positive: abnormal, stereotyped responses

45
Q

UMN lesions

A
  • spasticity
  • denervation atrophy, reduced muscle volume
  • distributed diffusely, large group of muscles
46
Q

LMN lesions

A
  • no spasticity
  • affects muscles in achy way
  • may be limited to single muscles
47
Q

Pyramidal tract - damage (corticospinal)

A
  • above decussation: contralateral paralysis
  • below decussation: ipsilateral paralysis
48
Q

Pyramidal tract - damage (corticonuclear)

A
  • effects are less severe than effects of corticospinal lesions
  • symptoms vary depending on cranial nerve
49
Q

Rhythmic motor patterns

A
  • chewing, swallowing, scratching, walking
  • circuits lie in spinal cord & brain stem
  • usually triggered by stimulus

BIOS2171 (10 decks)

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