Lecture 1 + 2 (Basic Structure)

Question 1

Spinal Segments

Answer 1

Cervical (8)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (1)

Question 2

Dermatome

Answer 2

Area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve (all but C1 innervate dermatomes)

Question 3

Myotome

Answer 3

Muscle ‘segment’ supplied by one spinal nerve

Question 4

Primary rami

Answer 4

1. Dorsal
2. Ventral

Question 5

Meninges

Answer 5

Connective tissue brain and spinal cord
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater

Question 6

Dura mater

Answer 6

Outer most layer of meninges

Question 7

Arachnoid mater

Answer 7

Middle layer meninges
Subarachnoid space contains CSF

Question 8

CSF

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal fluid
1. Mechanical protection
2. Circulates nutrients and waste
3. Chemical protection (optimal ionic concentration for AP)

Question 9

Pia mater

Answer 9

Inner most layer meninges

Question 10

Lumbar puncture

Answer 10

Spinal tap to get samples of CSF for diagnosis
L3-L4/L4-L5

Question 11

Glia

Answer 11

Supporting cells that surround neurons
Can divide; brain tumor always due to glial cells

Question 12

Types of glia CNS

Answer 12

1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Ependymal cells

Question 13

Astrocytes

Answer 13

• Supportive and protective
• Cover capillaries forming BBB

Question 14

Microglia

Answer 14

• Supportive and protective
• Phagocytose & digest micro organisms or neuronal debris

Question 15

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

• Myelination of CNS

Question 16

Ependymal cells

Answer 16

• Line central cavities of CNS
• Form CSF

Question 17

Types of glia in PNS

Answer 17

1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells

Question 18

Schwann cells

Answer 18

• Produce myelin

Question 19

Connective tissue nerve

Answer 19

1. Endoneurium (surround each axon)
2. Perineurium (surround each fascicle)
3. Epineurium (surround whole nerve, contains fat)

Question 20

Types of synapses

Answer 20

1. Axo-dendritic
2. Axo-somatic
3. Axo-axonic
4. Dendro-dendritic