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SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 mandibular depressors?

A

1) anterior belly of digastric
2) mylohyoid
3) geniohyoid
4) lateral pterygoid

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2
Q

What does a mandibular depressor muscle do?

A

Lower the jaw

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3
Q

Of the anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid, the __________ is the most superficial and _______, and the __________ is the deepest and most __________.

A

Anterior belly of digastric; inferior; geniohyoid; superior

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4
Q

The lateral pterygoid is also called the ________ __________

A

External pterygoid

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5
Q

What is the origin(s) of the lateral pterygoid?

A

2 heads:

1) superior head - lateral part of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
2) inferior head - lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Condyle process

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7
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Depresses and protrudes the jaw

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8
Q

What are the 3 mandibular elevators?

A

1) masseter
2) temporalis
3) medial pterygoid

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9
Q

Which is the most superficial mandibular elevator?

A

Masseter

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10
Q

The masseter is the _______, most _______ muscle of ____________.

A

Largest; powerful; mastication

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11
Q

What are the 2 layers of the masseter?

A

1) external

2) internal

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12
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

Zygomatic arch

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter?

A

Angle of the mandible, ramus

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14
Q

What are the 2 functions of the masseter?

A

1) help to place maximum force on the molars - chewing

2) contraction elevates/closes the mandible

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15
Q

What muscle is deep to the masseter?

A

Temporalis muscle

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16
Q

The temporalis muscle is ____ and ___-shaped

A

Thin; fan shaped

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17
Q

What are the attachments of the temporalis?

A

Arises from the temporal and parietal bones and inserts at the Coronoid process and ramus

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18
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevate and draw back the mandible

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19
Q

Is the temporalis more important for chewing or speech?

A

Chewing

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20
Q

What is another name for the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Internal pterygoid

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21
Q

What are the attatchments of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

1) medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

2) medial surface of the angel of the mandible

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22
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

jaw elevator for speech

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23
Q

Why isn’t the medial pterygoid a good muscle for mastication?

A

It’s unilateral contraction cant create rotary motion used for chewing and grinding

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24
Q

Which mandibular elevator is most important for speech?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

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25
The medial pterygoid is _______, and is ____ to the mandible and the masseter is _______ to it.
Internal; deep; lateral
26
What is the biological function of the tongue?
Swallowing: shaping the bolus, transporting the bolus to the pharyngeal cavity
27
What are the 5 important parts of the tongue?
1) tip 2) blade 3) dorsum 4) root 5) body
28
What are the two sets of tongue muscles?
1) intrinsic | 2) extrinsic
29
What does it mean that the tongue is a “muscular hydrostat”?
Describes the tongue creating hydraulic function/movement without fluid
30
What are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?
1) superior longitudinal 2) inferior longitudinal 3) vertical/verticalis 4) transverse
31
What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?
Tongue shaping
32
How does the superior longitudinal shape the tongue?
Pulls the tip up and elevates/shortens/retracts the tongue
33
How does the inferior longitudinal shape the tongue?
Shortens/retracts the tongue and tip is tiled downward
34
How does the vertical shape the tongue?
Flattens the tongue
35
How does the transverse shape the tongue?
Narrows and elongates the tongue
36
How does the superior longitudinal course?
Anterior to posterior
37
How does the inferior longitudinal course?
Posteriorly and inferiorly from tip
38
How does the vertical course?
Superior surface to inferior surface
39
How does the transverse course?
Radiating, courses laterally
40
Where is the superior longitudinal located?
Superior surface
41
Some of the inferior longitudnals fibers attach to the body of the ______, and is located between/blends with the ___________ and _________
Hyoid; genioglossus; hyoglossus
42
Where is the vertical muscle located?
Throughout the mass of the tongue body
43
What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?
1) genioglossus 2) styloglossus 3) hyoglossus 4) palatoglossus
44
What are the attatchments of the genioglossus?
O: posterior surface of the mental symphysis I: tongue tip and root of tongue
45
How do the anterior and the posterior fibers of the genioglossus run?
Anterior - course superiorly to tongue tip | Posterior - course inferiorly to body and root of tongue
46
What is the function of the genioglossus?
Protrude the tongue
47
What are the attachments of the styloglossus?
O: styloid process I: sides of the tongue root
48
What is the function of the styloglossus?
Pull the tongue upward and backward
49
What two extrinsic tongue muscles are antagonistic?
Genioglossus and styloglossus
50
What are the attachments of the hyoglossus?
O: hyoid I: side of tongue
51
What is the function of the hyoglossus?
Retracts and depresses tongue, may elevated hyoid bone
52
What are the attatchments of the palatoglossus?
O: anterior surface of velum I: side of the tongue
53
What is the function of the palatoglossus?
Depresses soft palate and elevates back of tongue
54
Which extrinsic tongue muscle is important for “k” and “g” sounds?
Palatoglossus
55
Which extrinsic tongue muscle is important for low vowel sounds?
Hyoglossus
56
What are the 2 major ways the tongue movements influcence speech
1) tongue shaping | 2) tongue positioning
57
Overal positioning and shaping of the tongue are important for _________ and ___________
Articulation; resonance
58
What is the name of the structure that extends from the lingual surface of the gum to inferior surface of the tongue?
Lingual frenulum
59
What is ankyloglossia?
Tongue tie
60
What are some (4) points of debate/issue about frenulectomies and their necessity?
1) feeding difficulties 2) speech difficulties 3) dentition 4) cosmetic

SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 (8 decks)

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