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SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five major types of supraglottic muscles?

A

1) pharyngeal
2) velar
3) mandibular
4) tongue
5) facial

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2
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?

A

1) inferior
2) middle
3) superior

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3
Q

The pharyngeal constrictors ____ out and meet at the _________ _____ ________

A

Fan; pharyngeal raphae posteriorly

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4
Q

Which of the pharyngeal constrictors is the largest?

A

Inferior

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5
Q

The most inferior part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor fibers blend with those of the __________

A

Espohpagus

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6
Q

What is the main muscle that makes up the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

Cricopharyngeus

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7
Q

Which part of the pharyngeal constrictors is in the oropharyngeal region?

A

Middle

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8
Q

Which part of the pharyngeal constrictors is in the velopharyngeal region?

A

Superior

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9
Q

Where is the middle pharyngeal constrictor located in relation to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Stacked on top and within the inferior constrictor

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10
Q

Which pharyngeal constrictor is the smallest?

A

Superior

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11
Q

The medial raphe courses up to the ____ of _____ but the _______ _____ don’t. But the space is filled by the _________ ____________ and ______________ _____

A

Base of skull; muscle fibers; pharyngeal aponuerosis and pharyngobasilar fascia

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12
Q

When swallowing, the pharyngeal constrictors contract __________ rather than ___________, this is known as _________ ____

A

Sequentially; simultaneously; peristaltic action

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13
Q

The salpingopharyngeal fold extends _______ from the inferior border of the __________ ____ orafice

A

Inferiorly; Eustachian tube

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14
Q

Where is the salpingopharyngeus located?

A

Sapingopharyngeal fold

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15
Q

What are the two different viewpoints on the salpingopharyngeus?

A

1) weak muscle, often absent, little functional significance

2) superior origin and inferior course are highly variable but always present

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16
Q

The palatopharyngeus is a muscle of the ____ ______

A

Soft palate

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17
Q

If the stylopharyngeus muscle is contracted the ______ can be ________ and further _______

A

Pharynx; elevated; dialated

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18
Q

Stylopharyngeus:
O:
I:
F:

A

O: styloid process of the temporal bone
I: inferior side of the pharynx
F: dilates and elevates the pharynx and larynx during swallow

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19
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal muscles for speech?

A

Change of shape of the pharynx creates changes in resonance

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20
Q

What is the ridge in the back of the throat, not present in everyone and in who is it more common in?

A

Passvant’s ridge, more common in those with cleft palate

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21
Q

What is the formal name for the back of the throat?

A

Posterior pharyngeal wall

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22
Q

The Eustachian tube connects what two places?

A

1) middle ear cavity

2) nasopharynx

23
Q

How long is the Eustachian tube? (Range)

24
Q

The Eustachian tube courses ________, ________, and ________ from the middle ear

A

Inferiorly, anteriorly, medially

25
What are the two major functions of the Eustachian tube?
1) to aerate the middle ear and equalize air pressure | 2) drain fluid from the middle ear
26
What are infants more susceptible to the middle ear
The horizontal tube is more horizontal in infants
27
What is the primary muscle for lifting the velum?
Levators veil palatini
28
Which muscle opens the Eustachian tube?
Tensor veil palatini
29
The levators veli palatini arises from the _______ ____ and inserts to the mid-portion of the _____, forming a muscle “_____” with its opposite side
Cranial base; velum; sling
30
What is the function of the levator veli palatini?
Elevate and retract velum, open the ET
31
What sounds does the levator veli palatini contract on?
All non-nasals
32
The tensor veli palatini arises from the _____ portion of the ________ ____ and ______ ______, and converge and end in a ______ that winds around the ________ to help form the _______ __________
Upper; pterygoid fossa; Eustachian tube; tendon; hamulus; palatal aponeurosis
33
What are the two parts of the tensor veli palatini?
1) dilatator tube | 2) tensor veli palatini proper
34
What are the two functions of the tensor veli palatini?
1) may tense velum during swallow | 2) tensor veli palatini proper
35
What is another name of the uvular muscle?
Musculus uvulae
36
Where is the musculus uvulae located?
Dorsal surface of the velum
37
What creates the bulge on the posterior part of nasal surfaces of the velum
Uvular muscle/musculus uvulae
38
What are the two functions of the uvular muscle?
1) stiffness | 2) fill the gap
39
Which muscle is the palatoglossus an antagonist to?
Levator veli palatini
40
What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?
Depresses the velum
41
Where is the palatoglossus located?
Within the anterior faucial pillar
42
What are the two sections of the palatopharyngeus?
1) horizontal fibers | 2) vertical fibers
43
What are the two functions of the vertical fibers of the palatopharyngeus?
1) lowering the velum | 2) elevation of larynx
44
What is the function of the horizontal fibers of the palatopharyngeus
Sphincter action of lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls pulling them medially and anteriorly
45
What happens to the velum during nasal sounds?
Maintained in lowered position
46
What two muscles are activated during nasal sounds?
1) palatalglossus | 2) palatopharyngeus (vertical fibers)
47
What happened to the velum during oral sounds?
Velum elevates and closes off the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below
48
What are the three gestures that need to happen to complete velopharyngeal closure?
1) elevate the velum 2) medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall 3) anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall
49
In most individuals what is the largest gesture in velopharyngeal closure?
Elevation of the velum
50
In children what unique structure helps with velopharyngeal closure?
Adenoid pad
51
At what age does the adenoid pad begin to atrophy?
12
52
Which part of the articulatory tract is the slowest?
Velum
53
Surgery to remove the adenoid pad may result in:
Hypernasality

SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 (8 decks)

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