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Ecology > Lecture 20 - Chpt. 24 - Aquatic ecosystems (freshwater) > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Chpt. 24 - Aquatic ecosystems (freshwater) Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of terrestrial systems is defined as what

A

dominant plant life forms

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2
Q

What is the classification of aquatic systems?

A

characteristics of the physical environment

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3
Q

Freshwater vs Marine (salt water)

A

Freshwater is rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, inland wetlands
marine is coastal vs open water systems

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4
Q

Lotic systems is what?

A

Rivers and streams

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5
Q

Lentic systems is what?

A

ponds
lakes
inland wetlands

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6
Q

Describe life in the littoral zone

A

Root aquatic plants can be
1. emergent
2. floating
3. or submerged

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7
Q

Describe life in limnetic zone

A

phytoplankton and zooplankton
fish
distribution depends on food supply and adaptations to temperature and DO

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8
Q

What are the 4 zones in water

A
  1. littoral zone
  2. limnetic zone
  3. profundal zone
  4. benthic zone
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9
Q

Why is life in the profundal zone difficult?

A
  1. large amounts of organic material can accumulate
  2. DO levels can be extremely low
  3. Anaerobic bacteria often predominate
  4. cold
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10
Q

What forms the base of the food web in the profundal zone?

A

dead organic material of plants, fishes, plankton

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11
Q

How do light, temperature, and DO change with depth?

A

The deeper you go the less light, colder temperatures, and low dissolved oxygen levels

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12
Q

What are the two extremes of nutrient availability in lake ecosystems?

A
  1. eutrophic
  2. oligotrophic
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13
Q

Describe Eutrophic lakes

A
  1. contain an abundance of nutrients
  2. derived from surrounding landscape
  3. nutrient inputs may be anthropogenic (agriculture)
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14
Q

Why are eutrophic lakes bad?

A

The example in class is showing a lake that appeared in Florida near a public gated area. They have to maintain it to look nice which means their is an abundant amount of fertilizer being put into the ground such as nitrogen or phosphorus.
- Causes it to be dirty looking, sediment back up

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15
Q

Define oligotrophic lakes

A

nutrient poor
deficient in one or more nutrients

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16
Q

What is the trick for remembering what ecosystems belong to Lotic?

A

Lotic = O
mOving
streams, watershed, rivers

17
Q

Define watershed

A

a land area drained by a stream/river, can be subdivided

18
Q

Define stream order

A

a way to discuss the number of tributaries contributing to a stream/river

19
Q

Define streams

A
  1. tend to be narrow channels with banks on either side
  2. smaller than rivers
  3. composed of rifle and a pool habitat
20
Q

What is a riffle and what type of water ?

A
  1. fast, well oxygenated water, primary production
  2. in streams
21
Q

What is a pool in relation to a stream?

A

a slower moving, decomposition habitat (right after the riffle

22
Q

Define rivers

A
  1. can be very wide and meandering (windy)
  2. often confined within wide floodplains, flooding be can regular or rare
  3. if its fast-moving, can carry and deposit abundant sediments
23
Q

How do animals in lotic environments not get moved away?

A

through adaptations such as
plants:
1. holdfast (like a root in algal) 2. Filamentous - moves with the water but anchor
Animals:
1. snails - foot that secretes muscu and is sticky
2. insects cling to rocks

24
Q

What are the four major feeding groups in stream invertebrates?

A
  1. shredders
  2. collectors
  3. grazers
  4. gougers
25
Q

What are the two detrital food sources?

A
  1. CPOM - coarse particular organic matter
  2. FPOM - fine particulate organic matter
26
Q

Define shredders

A
  1. feed on CPOM and the bacteria and fungi that covers it (rocks)
  2. help break down organic matter
27
Q

Define collectors

A
  1. can be filtering or gathering
  2. consume FPOM
28
Q

Define Grazers

A
  1. feed on algae covering rocks in the stream
  2. release FPOM as they scrape rocks
29
Q

Define gougers

A
  1. burrow into and consume wood that has fallen into the stream
30
Q

Who would you find with high woody inputs?

A

gougers

31
Q

Who would you find where more sunlight reaches the stream?

A

grazers

32
Q

who would you find near downstream areas where FPOM is produced?

A

collectors

33
Q

Who would you find in areas with high allochthonous inputs?

A

shredders

34
Q

What does allochthonous mean?

A

material that is imported into an ecosystem.

35
Q

What does it mean when it changes that changes in a river happen along a continuum?

A

You need to survey all areas of the river (up stream, middle, downstream) to understand how
1. invertebrate communities
2. consumer communities.
3. sources of energetic inputs like CPOM, FPOM, and NPP)
are being affected
each area is different since its altered width, depth, velocity, and temperature

Ecology (6 decks)

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