Lecture 20: Childhood Development Flashcards
using a rake experiment (child v chimp)
kids use it in the way that the adults demonstrated even though it’s ineffective
but chimps figure out which way was correct, didn’t copy adults
imitation vs emulation
shows kids do imitation
chimpanzees do emulation <- copy broad goal, but do it in your own way
overimitation
kids will copy actions of adults even if its ineffective
copy things that might be uneccesaary just bc kids things adults know more than us
when did children NOT exhibit over imitation (lamp and woman)
women turning on light with her head
if just normal woman, kids will over imitate
but if woman is shivering and has a blanket over her, they WILL NOT IMITATE WOMAN <- bc there’s an explanation
how kids respond to uncompleted actions
if adult is trying to pull block off but fails, kids will successfully pull block off (THEY WONT IMITATE) bc there’s an explanation
pedgody discourages exploration
just a fact
collaboration & reciprocity (children v chimp)
kids are almost always sharing
kids are sharing the most in collaborative conditions
chimps never share… and when they do.. it has nothing to do with collaboration or not
innate capacity for generoisty?
children are more likely to help out when it seems like people need help vs when they don’t need help
seen in encultruated apes as well
NOT INCREASED BY REWARD
motivational crowding
providing extrinsic incentives for certain kinds of behavior—such as promising monetary rewards for accomplishing some task—can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation for performing that behavior.
giving people money for doing a moral thing is going to make them less likely to do it?
bc they don’t assign task to moral virtue anymore they assign it to monetary value
and sometimes monetary value is less than what moral vrtue would have been
motivational crowding with late parents and a fine
if we impose a fine for showing up late, more people are gonna show up late bc they don’t think the fine is that bad
but if you don’t have a fine and just say “hey its shitty when you do that” people are gonna be less likely to show up late
genetic epistemology (origins of knowledge)
stages of development
early: concrete/sensimotor (observable/tanigble things in the world)
later: abstraction
do children pick the helper or the harmer (6 months and 10 months)
children are more likely to choose helpful shape regardless of age
do 1 and 2 year olds have a sense of fair or unfairness of other people
looking longer when they see an unfair distribution of resources than a fair redistrubiton of resources
not just because of symmetry, and not seen with an inanimate object… needs to be with a human
do 1 or 2 year olds have a sense of fair or unfairness of themselves (skittles)
skittles
more likely to reject skittle if other person gets more
if they get more skittles, they’re more likely to accept
at 8 years old
they don’t want an unfair disadvantage so they wont accept more skittles (impartial sense of fairness)
cross cultural variation
do young kids have a bias towards which kids they want to play with? (same or diff race)
YES! young kids are more likely to play with somebody of same race
diminishes over time
