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BIO1090 Final Exam Review > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What does endocytic pathways of protein sorting mean?

A
  • fully processed proteins are exported to trans-Golgi network (TGN)and sorted and delivered to final locations
  • transfer of vesicles from ER to Golgi sub-compartments is achieved by coat proteins
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2
Q

What is the Golgi complex biochemical involved in?

A

synthesis of polysaccharides and specific modifications of proteins and lipids

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3
Q

What are the 2 functions of coat proteins?

A
  1. helps form vesicle

2. helps select cargo

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4
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A
  • caused by a mutation in gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
  • most common mutation ΔF508: deletion of 3 nucleotides resulting in loss of amino acid phenylalanine at 508th position on protein
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5
Q

What is the COPII?

A

coated vesicles move in ANTEROGRADE direction

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6
Q

What is the COPI?

A

coated vesicles move in RETRIGRADE direction

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7
Q

Golgi complex biochemical diversity

A
  • proteins modified step-wise as travesing Golgi
  • diff cisternae of Golgi contain diff enzymes that modify proteins
  • diff standings of Golgi cisternae reflect biochemical differences
  • PROCESSING PLANT of cell
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8
Q

What do proteins targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts do when arrived at an organelle?

A
  • other instinct sequences w/in protein directs them to the correct compartment or membrane
  • REMEMBER these proteins are completely synthesized in cytoplasm first
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9
Q

What is a CGN?

A

CGN: acts as sorting station

- sorts whether proteins should continue to the next Golgi station or be shipped back to ER

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10
Q

How are transmembrane proteins integrated into a membrane?

A
  1. proteins with signal-anchored sequences are threaded through channel in ER membrane until signal0anchored sequence is encountered
  2. ER channel releases protein into membrane
  3. when translation is completed, protein remains in membrane
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11
Q

How do soluble proteins get into endomembrane system?

A
  1. signal-recognition particle (SRP) binds to signal sequence in amino-terminal end of growing polypeptide stopping translation
  2. SRP binds to SRO receptor on ER membrane
  3. SRP receptor brings ribosome to transmembrane channel; SRP dissociates; protein synthesis resumes; growing polypeptide chain is threaded through channel
  4. protein ends up in ER lumen, where it can remain, be transported to lumen fo other organelles or be secreated out of the cell
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12
Q

What is a peroxisome?

A
  • type of organelle known as a microbody
  • found in all eukaryotic cells and involved in small number of enzyme rxns (ex. catabolism of very-long-chain fatty acids)
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13
Q

Lysosomes key features

A
  • digestive features
  • 25 nm to 1 um
  • internal pH of 4.6
  • contains hydrolytic enzymes: acid hydrolases
  • lysosomes membrane is composed of glycosylated proteins
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14
Q

What is a TGN?

A

TGN: sorts protein into diff vesicle types

- vesicles go to plasma membrane/other intracellular destinations (e.g., lysosomes)

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15
Q

What options do proteins targeted to ER lumen have after being synthesized and folded?

A
  1. its RETAINED in the lumen, where it functions
  2. its TRANSPORTED from ER lumen to Golfi complex for modification and delivered to distal parts of biosynthetic or secretory pathway
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16
Q

Zellweger syndrome

A
  • inherited in autosomal recessive manner
  • severe brain development defects
  • hypomyelination
  • apnea
  • abnormal renal function
  • patient= not serving over 1 year
17
Q

What is a COP?

A
  • Coat Protein Complex

- assembled on the cytosolic surface of donor compartment membranes at sites where budding takes place

18
Q

What happens during ER to Golgi complex transport?

A
  • Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids from ER and sorts them to other organelles, plasma, or cell exterior
  • material moves from ER to other compartments and plasma membrane in proximal to distal direction
19
Q

Golgi complex structure

A
  • smooth, flattened, disk-like shape cisternea
  • 8 or less cisternea/stack
  • curved
  • shows polarity: cis-medial-trans-cisternea
  • membrane supported by protein skeleton
  • scaffold linked to motor proteins that direct movement of vesicles into and out of Golgi
20
Q

What do proteins targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts do when arrived at an organelle?

A
  • other instinct sequences w/in protein directs them to correct compartments
21
Q

What is the energy source for tethering and docking?

A

GTP

22
Q

What is Synthesis of Integral Membrane Proteins use for?

A
  • For type 1 single-pass transmembrane proteins

- more complex (extra steps) for multi-pass proteins.

BIO1090 Final Exam Review (11 decks)

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