Lecture 18 Flashcards
1
Q
What is apoptosis?
A
an important, regulated process that eliminates redundant or damaged cells.
- plays a big role in plant growth
- plants use programmed cell death to generate holes in leaves
2
Q
Cytoplasmic endomembrane system
A
- early EM focusing on cytoplasm revealed membrane-bound organelles and vesicles as well as extensive network canals and stacks of sacs
3
Q
What are SNARES?
A
- assembly provides NRG fro fusion
4
Q
What are killer proteins?
A
- proteins like BAX cause change in mitochondria membrane potential and to leak cytochrome
5
Q
What are light-dependent reactions?
A
- occurs in thylakoid membrane: e- enters ETC
- chlorophyll in light harvesting complex
- H+ pumped into thylakoid lumen
- ATP and NADPH made used to make CH2O in light-independent reactions
6
Q
Key features of vesicular trafficking
A
- movement of vesicle- uses cytoskeleton and motor proteins
- tethering- vesicle to target compartment through proteins from Rab family of protein and other more specialized
- Docking- vesicles to target compartments and use proteins called SNARES
- fusion- vesicle and target membrane
7
Q
Events to have a polarized structure of a secretory cell
A
- synthesized in rough ER
- processed in ER
- further processed in Golgi
- contracted in vesicles
- delivered to plasma membrane for secretion
8
Q
What is vesicular transport/ trafficking?
A
- transport of material between compartments
- organelle ⇌ PM
- organelle ⇌ organelle
- utilizes transport vesicles
9
Q
Apoptosis and diseases
A
- various diseases are associated with apoptosis
- sometimes too little apoptosis: cancer malignant cells won’t die
- sometimes too much apoptosis: Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease
10
Q
What is exocytosis?
A
- secretion of neurotransmitter
- Ex. organelle → plasma membrane
11
Q
What is endocytosis?
A
- activity-dependent internalization of AMPA receptors
- Ex. plasma membrane → organelle
12
Q
What is programmed cell death/ apoptosis?
A
- normal process involving cell deaths in coordinated event sequence
- part of organisms growth/development
13
Q
What are light-independent reactions?
A
- dark reactions/Calvin cycle
- occur in stroma of chloroplasts
ATP and NADPH used to make CH2O
14
Q
Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis
A
- initiated by intracellular stimuli like genetic damage, hypoxia, viruses
- release of apoptotic mitochondria proteins commits cell to apoptosis
- release of chromosome c and nuclear fragmentation during apoptosis
15
Q
What are utilized transport vesicles?
A
- small, spherical, membrane-enclosed organelles that bud off donor compartment and fuse w/ acceptor or recipient compartment
