Lecture 2: The Science of Matter

Question 1

All matter is either (2)

Answer 1

-pure substances
-mixtures

Question 2

pure substances are either (2)

Answer 2

-element (identical atoms)
-compound (2+ elements, combined chemically)

Question 3

mixture are either (2)

Answer 3

-homogenous (evenly distributed)
-heterogenous (unevenly distributed)

Question 4

defined vol & shape? solids?

Answer 4

yes and yes

Question 5

defined vol & shape? liquids?

Answer 5

vol yes, shape no

Question 6

defined vol & shape? gases?

Answer 6

no and no

Question 7

Chemistry is

Answer 7

the study of the COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, and PROPERTIES of matter and its CHANGES

Question 8

energy is

Answer 8

the capacity to do work

Question 9

work is

Answer 9

the exertion of a force through a distance

Question 10

gas -> solid

Answer 10

deposition

Question 11

gas-> liquid

Answer 11

condensation

Question 12

liquid-> solid

Answer 12

freezing

Question 13

solid-> liquid

Answer 13

melting

Question 14

liquid-> gas

Answer 14

vaporization

Question 15

solid-> gas

Answer 15

sublimination

Question 16

chemical properties are

Answer 16

how atoms react to other atoms

Question 17

physical properties are

Answer 17

observed or measured without changing

Question 18

intensive properties are

Answer 18

not dependent on how much of the substance is present

Question 19

extensive properties are

Answer 19

dependent on how much of a substance is present

Question 20

matter is

Answer 20

anything that occupies space

Question 21

a chemical reaction is

Answer 21

a process that changes the chemical identity of composition and structure of the materials

Question 22

law of conservation of energy

Answer 22

matter cannot be created or destroyed, only converted

Question 23

law of definite proportions

Answer 23

a compound has fixed proportions (H20 is always 89% O)

Question 24

law of multiple proportions

Answer 24

the ratio of compounds always involves small whole numbers