Lecture 2 - Science and Measurement Flashcards
Scientific method
The means by which scientists validate their opinions, hypotheses, theories etc.
Procedure of Scientific method
- Identify question of interest
- Collect relevant information and formulate a testable hypothesis
- Design a study where hypothesis can be tested
- Analyze data; make tentative conclusions
- Report findings
Falsifiability
An experimental circumstance that can falsify your data; potential to disprove
Deductive argument
An argument that relies on valid premises in order for an argument to be deduced (from those premises) –>
Inductive argument
An argument based on past or present evidence is used to infer premises about the future –> estimating, generalizing
Inductive reasoning
Used in science to produce theories, can never prove inductive conclusions
Evidence
Something used to disprove scientific findings
Fact
An observation about the world
Hypothesis
A thought that is testable
Theory
A collection of true hypotheses that are conclusive
Law
A detailed description of how something happens (pure mechanics, no explanation)
Dependent variable
Chosen variable that’s being studied
Independent variable
Variable being changed
Measurement
A description of the variable in terms of the operations used to establish or measure that variable
Variable (extra)
An element that is subject to change; can be more than one measurement, represented by one description