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Psychology 104 > Lecture 1 - History of Psychology > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - History of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Psychology

A

The scientific study of behaviour and the mind

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2
Q

Psychologist

A

Scientists who use the scientific method to acquire knowledge on behaviour and the mind

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3
Q

Mind

A

The internal states and processes of the brain

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4
Q

Psychology goals (three B’s)

A

Describe behaviour, explain causes for behaviour, predict behaviour under certain conditions

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5
Q

Early Psychology

A

Pre 19th century; based in philosophy

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6
Q

Hippocrates

A

Ancient Greek physician - first person to explain illness based on science rather than supernatural

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7
Q

Theory of Humorism (Greeks/Romans)

A
  • The body is made up of 4 principal humours
  • Complex system of interactions
  • good health = humours in balance
  • Primary way of understanding biology and psychology
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8
Q

Humours

A

Black bile, blood, yellow bile, phlegm

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9
Q

Definition of humour

A

Explained the balance of life

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10
Q

Rene Descartes

A

(1596 - 1650) Philosopher and mathematician

  • Minds are immaterial
  • Bodies are material
  • Substance dualism
  • Mind-body problem
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11
Q

Substance dualism

A

Life possess both physical and metaphysical properties

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12
Q

Interactionism

A

The interaction between the physical and metaphysical

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13
Q

Mind-body problem

A
  • how do minds and bodies interact

- how does the physical affect the mental vice versa

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14
Q

Reductive physicalism

A

Idea that life is comprised solely of physical matter

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15
Q

16th Century

A

Psychology’s beginnings as a science

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16
Q

Steven Blankaart

A

(1650-1704) Dutch physician who distinguished psychology as the study of the mind

17
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

(1832-1920) German psychologist who established psychology as a distinct discipline. Study of the components of consciousness –> relies on introspection
- Structuralist

18
Q

Structuralism

A

Focus on the components of consciousness, rather than function

19
Q

William James

A

(1842-1910) American psychologist who coined functionalism.

- Influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution

20
Q

Functionalism

A

Analysis of the function of consciousness; how behaviour impacts the life of an organism
- Operation of the whole mind, rather than individual parts

21
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

Freud’s theory to explain the reason behind human behaviour

- focus on the subconscious mind

22
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

(1856-1939) Austian neurologist known for his outlandish psychoanalytic theory. His ideas helped revolutionize the field of modern psychology

23
Q

Psychoanalytical theory

A

Focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious and childhood experiences as a cause to current behaviour and development of personality

24
Q

Modern view on Freudian Theory

A

Research has identified brain mechanisms that produce unconscious emotional reactions

25
Q

Occam’s Razor (1285-1347/49)

A

A principal of parsimony; practice of economy when it comes to choosing an explanation –> contains the fewest amounts of assumptions

26
Q

John B. Watson

A

(1878-1958) American psychologist that is responsible for the shift of psychology from the study of the mind to the scientific study of behaviour (behaviourism)

  • Obejective analysis of the mind is impossible
  • Behaviour is a product of the subconscious, which is quantifiable
27
Q

Behaviourism

A

The study of observing and controlling behaviour

28
Q

B. F Skinner

A

(1904-1990) American psychologist that enhanced behaviourism; established a prominent role in psychology
- Discovered operant conditioning

29
Q

Operant conditioning

A

A method of learning that involves positive and negative reinforcement for certain behaviours with the goal of the subject learning a certain behaviour in order to be rewarded and avoid punishment

30
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

A perspective that emphasizes the potential for good which is innate in all human beings

  • People are more than the sum of their parts
  • Subjective
  • Opposes fundamentalism and structuralism
31
Q

Carl Rogers

A

(1902-1987) American psychologist who developed client centered therapy in which the patient takes a directive role in their healing process

32
Q

Three elements needed for client centered therapy

A

Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, empathy

33
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

(1908-1970) American psychologist who proposed a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behaviour (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs). Higher levels lead to self-actualization –> full potential

34
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Physiological 2. Security 3. Social 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization

Psychology 104 (4 decks)

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